Signal Royalty Partners

Signal Healthcare
Royalties Fund

Contractual Cash Flows. Disciplined Underwriting. Operator Edge.

Vehicle
Fund I
Target Fund Size
$250–400 million
Launch
April 2026
The Opportunity

A Structural Gap
in Healthcare Royalties

Accelerating deal flow, proven asset class resilience, and a competitive vacuum at the mid-market level.

$0B
Healthcare royalty transactions (2025)
+40% vs. five-year average
$0B
Synthetic royalties (2025)
First year exceeding $4B
0%
Healthcare PE write-off rate
vs. 4.6% all-industry average
$25-150M
Structural gap from KKR/HCR consolidation
Mid-market opportunity
Investment Philosophy

The Thesis

Contractual Cash Flow First
We target approved drugs, devices, diagnostics, and late-stage assets where revenue streams are contractual, not speculative. Regulatory risk is substantially de-risked at entry.
Mid-Market Where Edge Lives
$25–150 million ticket sizes sit below the floor of mega-cap buyers and above the ceiling of smaller funds. Less competition. Better pricing. More structural protections.
Operator-Led Underwriting
Consumer-IP royalty experience translates directly to healthcare. Pattern recognition on cash flow durability, counterparty strength, and structural protections is domain-transferable.
“Contractual cash flows backed by approved healthcare assets are the closest thing to durable yield with embedded growth.”
Investment Philosophy
Market Validation

Proven, Scaled, Accelerating

$0B+
Cumulative transaction volume
0
Total transactions
$0M
Average transaction size
Three Structural Shifts
KKR / HCR Consolidation
KKR's majority investment in HealthCare Royalty pushed the platform upmarket, vacating the $25–150 million band for disciplined mid-market entrants.
Manager Internalizations
Royalty Pharma (RPRX) and DRI Healthcare have internalized, reducing the number of active allocators and thinning competition for mid-market flow.
Synthetic Royalty Inflection
2025 was the first year synthetic royalties exceeded $4B, unlocking a new class of structured healthcare cash flows for dedicated capital.
Competitive Landscape

The Comp Set

Three established platforms define the healthcare royalties landscape. Each has moved upmarket or internalized, widening the mid-market gap.

RPRX
Royalty Pharma
Market Cap ~$22B
Royalty Receipts $3.3B
Market Share ~40%
DHT.UN
DRI Healthcare Trust
Book Value $799M
Active Streams 28
Products 21
HCR
HealthCare Royalty
AUM ~$3.0B
Deployed Since 2006 $7B+
Ownership KKR Majority
Structural Advantages

Why Royalties Outperform

Reduced reimbursement dependence. Royalties are contractual obligations tied to product revenue, not payer mix or reimbursement rate volatility.
Capital-light scale. No operational infrastructure required. Cash flows scale with underlying product adoption without incremental cost.
Seniority and downside protection. Royalty holders sit above equity in the capital structure with contractual priority.
Multiple monetization paths. Secondary sales, securitization, portfolio refinancing, and terminal value optionality.
Royalty Pharma Reference
$2.77B
Net cash from operations, demonstrating the cash-generative nature of scaled royalty portfolios.
Operating Margin 44.2%
Asset Class Healthcare Royalties
Target Profile

Three Investment Sleeves

0%
Approved-Asset Royalties
60-70% allocation. Contractual royalty streams on FDA-approved drugs, biologics, and therapeutics with established commercial trajectories.
0%
Synthetic Royalties
25-35% allocation. Structured cash flow interests created through debt-like instruments tied to product-level revenue. The fastest-growing segment.
0%
Devices & Diagnostics
10-20% allocation. Royalty streams from medical devices, diagnostic platforms, and healthcare technology with recurring revenue characteristics.
$25-150M
Ticket Size
16-18
Portfolio Positions
≥ 8 yrs
Weighted Avg. Life
Underwriting Framework

Five-Lens Diligence

Every investment is stress-tested across five dimensions before commitment.

I
Clinical / Regulatory
Approval status, label breadth, pipeline optionality, regulatory tail risk. Preference for approved assets with post-marketing data.
II
Revenue Durability
Patent cliff analysis, competitive landscape, generic/biosimilar timing, formulary positioning, and volume trajectory modeling.
III
Counterparty Strength
Licensee creditworthiness, operational capability, and commercial commitment. Counterparty default is the primary non-market risk.
IV
Structure & Seniority
Payment priority, minimum guarantees, anti-dilution provisions, change-of-control protections, and step-up rights.
V
Sensitivity Cases
Downside, base, and upside scenarios modeled on volume, pricing, competition, and duration. Every deal must clear the 7% downside floor.
Target Returns
Downside Case
≥7%IRR
Base Case
≥13%IRR
Upside Case
18%+IRR
Deal Origination

Where Deals Come From

Signal Royalty Partners employs a multi-channel origination strategy focused on identifying high-quality royalty opportunities in the $25–150 million range:

Direct engagement with pharmaceutical and biotech business development teams
Leading university technology transfer offices
Established licensing and royalty intermediaries
Corporate portfolio rationalization and non-core asset sales
Distressed and special situation opportunities
Operator Edge
Sam Bremner
Royalty pattern recognition developed through consumer IP underwriting at Cloudco Entertainment and M&M. The discipline of evaluating contractual cash flows, counterparty risk, and revenue durability translates directly from entertainment IP to healthcare royalties.

This diversified approach, supported by Dr. Makowka’s deep industry relationships and Sam Bremner’s royalty structuring expertise, enables access to attractive, often off-market transactions.

Fund Structure

Fund I Terms

Fund Size
Target $300M
Range $250–400 million
Hard Cap $500M
Duration
Investment Period 5 Years
Fund Life 10 Years
Extensions 2 x 1-Year
Economics
Management Fee 1.50% committed / 1.25% post-IP
Carried Interest 20% over 7% pref
Waterfall European, 50% catch-up
GP Commitment 2.0%
Target Net Returns
Mid-teens
Net IRR
Strong
Cash Yield
Founder & Chairman

Dr. Leonard Makowka

M.D., Ph.D., FRCS(C), FACS. One of the world's foremost authorities in transplant surgery, pharmaceutical commercialization, and healthcare institutional governance.

Dr. Leonard Makowka
Leonard Makowka
M.D., Ph.D., FRCS(C), FACS
Founder & Chairman
Signal Royalty Partners
Education
1977 — M.D., University of Toronto
1979 — M.Sc. Pathology, University of Toronto
1982 — Ph.D. Pathology, University of Toronto
378
Publications
100+
Presentations
17
Research grants
19
Honors & awards
40+
Societies
9
Editorial boards
Career Timeline
1977 – 1978
Straight Intern in Surgery
Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto
1978
Gallie Course in General Surgery
University of Toronto
1978 – 1982
Medical Research Council of Canada Fellow
Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Toronto General Hospital & University of Toronto
1982
Research Associate
Departments of Surgery and Pathology, University of Toronto
Jan – Jun 1982
Assistant Resident, General Surgery
Toronto East General Hospital
Jul – Dec 1982
Assistant Resident, General Surgery
Toronto General Hospital
Jan – Jun 1983
Senior Resident, General Surgery
Women's College Hospital
Jul 1983 – Jun 1984
Chief Resident, Surgery
Toronto Western Hospital
Jul 1984 – Jun 1985
Fellow in Hepatobiliary Surgery
Under Dr. B. Langer, University of Toronto
1985
Assistant Professor, Surgery & Pathology
University of Toronto
1985
Visiting Assistant Professor, Surgery
University of Pittsburgh
Jul 1985 – Jun 1986
Transplant Fellowship under Dr. Thomas E. Starzl
Presbyterian University Hospital & Children's Hospital, University of Pittsburgh
1985 – 1987
Centennial Fellow
Medical Research Council of Canada
1986
Assistant Professor, Surgery
University of Pittsburgh
1986 – 1987
Visiting Associate Professor, Surgery
University of Pittsburgh
1987 – 1989
Associate Professor (Tenure), Surgery
University of Pittsburgh
Jan 1989
Professor of Surgery
UCLA School of Medicine
Jan 1989 – Sep 1992
Director, Department of Surgery
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
Jan 1989 – Sep 1995
Director of Transplantation Services
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
Oct 1989
Attending Physician
VA Medical Hospital, Los Angeles
Jul 1992 – Jun 1993
Vice Chair, Department of Surgery
UCLA School of Medicine
Jan 1992 – Sep 1995
Chairman, Department of Surgery
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
Sep 1995 – Dec 1997
Executive Director, Comprehensive Liver Disease & Treatment Center
St. Vincent Medical Center
Sep 1995 – Dec 1997
Director, Liver Transplant Program
Department of Surgery, St. Vincent Medical Center
Present
Signal Royalty Partners
Founder & Chairman. Leading Signal Royalty Partners, a healthcare royalties investment fund targeting mid-market opportunities with ticket sizes of $25–150 million. Fund I targeting $250–400 million.
Honors & Awards
1975 Alpha Omega Alpha Honour Medical Society
1975 Charles E. Frosst Scholarship (Bronze Medal)
1979 Second Annual Assembly of General Surgeons, Toronto. First Place: "A model of hepatic failure"
1979 Gallie Batemen Surgical Essay Award, Toronto. First Place: "Immune modulation with NED 137"
1980 Medalist in Surgery, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. "Immune modulation and control of neoplasia by synthetic polymers"
1980 Davis and Geck Surgical Essay Award. "Studies into the mechanism of reversal of experimental acute hepatic failure by hepatocyte transplantation"
1981 – 82 Schering Scholarship Award, American College of Surgeons
1981 The Canadian Foundation for Ileitis and Colitis Research Award
1981 Research Papers in Pathology, Dept. of Pathology, University of Toronto. First Place: "Reversal and protection of acute ethanol induced inhibition of hepatic regeneration"
1981 Graham Campbell Fellowship in Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto
1982 Medalist in Surgery, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. "Studies into the reversal of experimentally induced fulminant hepatic failure"
1985 – 87 Centennial Fellowship, Medical Research Council of Canada
1987 Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
1987 Diplomate of the American Board of Surgery
c. 1988 The Golden Eagle Award from the Council on International Nontheatrical Events, for the motion picture "Liver Transplantation: The Recipient Operation." Represented the United States in international motion picture events abroad
c. 1988 Thirteenth Annual International Film and TV Festival of New York Finalist Award for "Liver Transplantation: The Recipient Operation"
1990 Southern California Organ Procurement and Preservation Center (SCOPPC) Award, Certificate of Appreciation
1992 World Children's Transplant Fund, Humanitarian of the Year
1997 American Committee for Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Honoree
Editorial Boards
Hepatology (AASLD)
Liver Transplantation and Surgery Member, Editorial Board (1994–)
Digestive Diseases and Sciences Associate Editor (1988–1993)
Transplantation Science Associate Editor (1990–)
Current Surgery Editorial Advisory Board
Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation Editor (1996)
Macmillan Healthcare Information (BMI) Editorial Advisory Board
ISI Atlas of Science: Immunology Editorial Advisory Board
Xanthus Intelligence Unit Reports Associate Editor (1991–)
Reviewer for Books, Journals & Meetings
Annals of Surgery
Digestive Diseases and Sciences
Gastroenterology
Hepatology
Institute for Scientific Information
Journal of Pediatric Surgery
Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Life Sciences
New England Journal of Medicine
Nutrition and Cancer
Science
Surgery
Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics
Transplantation
Third International Symposium on Perioperative Care in Liver Transplantation, Pittsburgh, PA (1988)
XII International Congress of the Transplantation Society, Sydney, Australia (1988)
XIII International Congress of The Transplantation Society (1990)
VA Health Care Facility: Scientific reviewer, Veterans Administration Research Service
15th World Congress of the Transplantation Society (1994)
Books Authored & Edited
1. Co-editor, Transplantation Therapeutics (Immunosuppression of a Transplant Patient), Little Brown Pub. Co., Boston, 1987.
2. Co-editor, Clinics in Gastroenterology (Hepatic Transplantation), WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1988.
3. Co-editor, Current Problems in Surgery (Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders), 25(6):367–472, 1988.
4. Editor, The Handbook of Transplantation Management, R.G. Landes & Co., 1991.
5. Editor, Handbook of Animal Models in Transplantation Research, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1993.
6. Co-editor, Intra-Abdominal Organ Transplantation 2000, R.G. Landes Co., 1994.
7. Editor, Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation, 1996.
Selected Publications
  1. Makowka L et al. Cellular transplantation in the treatment of experimental hepatic failure. Science 210:901–903, 1980.
  2. Starzl TE, Makowka L et al. Aplastic anemia complicating orthotopic liver transplantation for non-A, non-B hepatitis. N Engl J Med 319(7):393–396, 1988.
  3. Starzl TE et al. Transplantation of multiple abdominal viscera. JAMA 261(10):1449–1457, 1989.
  4. Falk RE, Hardy M, Makowka L et al. Sensitization to low dose 5-fluorouracil. J Clin Invest 70:558–567, 1982.
  5. Makowka L et al. The effect of liver cytosol on hepatic regeneration and tumor growth. Cancer 51(12):2181–2190, 1983.
  6. Miyazaki M, Makowka L et al. Hyperthermochemotherapeutic in vivo isolated perfusion of the rat liver. Cancer 51(7):1254–1260, 1983.
  7. Francavilla A, Makowka L et al. A dog model for acetaminophen-induced fulminant hepatic failure. Gastroenterology 96(2):470–478, 1989.
  8. Ontell SJ, Makowka L, Starzl TE. Improved hepatic function with UW-lactobionate solution. Gastroenterology 95:1617–1624, 1988.
  9. Van Thiel DH, Makowka L, Starzl TE. Liver Transplantation: Where its been and where it's going. Clinics in Gastroenterology 17(1):1–18, 1988.
  10. Makowka L et al. Surgical technique of orthotopic liver transplantation. Clinics in Gastroenterology 17(1):33–51, 1988.
  11. Iwatsuki S et al. Experience in 1,000 liver transplants under cyclosporine-steroid therapy. Transplant Proc 20(1):498–504, 1988.
  12. Nalesnik MA, Makowka L, Starzl TE. The diagnosis and treatment of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Current Problems in Surgery 25(6):367–472, 1988.
  13. Hoffman AL, Makowka L et al. Induction of stable chimerism and elimination of graft-versus-host disease. Surgery 106(2):354–363, 1989.
  14. Rotstein LE, Makowka L et al. The effect of portal diversion on the early stages of liver carcinogenesis in the rat. Hepatology 2:67, 1982.
  15. Makowka L et al. Reversal of experimental acute hepatic failure in the rat. J Surg Res 29(6):479–487, 1980.
  16. Makowka L et al. Studies into the mechanism of reversal of experimental acute hepatic failure by hepatocyte transplantation. Can J Surg 24(1):39–44, 1981.
  17. Makowka L et al. Use of liver cytosol fractions in treatment of acute liver failure. Surgery 91(1):120–122, 1982.
  18. Makowka L et al. Protective effects of 16, 16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 on acute ethanol-induced inhibition of hepatic regeneration. Surg Forum 33:183–186, 1982.
  19. Makowka L et al. Future aspects of renal transplantation. World Journal of Urology 6(2):136–139, 1988.
  20. Makowka L et al. Prolonged rat cardiac preservation with UW lactobionate solution. Transplant Proc 21(1 Pt 2):1350–1352, 1989.
Special Projects
Co-authored educational videotape "Critical Decisions in Surgery: Liver Transplantation" with Dr. T.E. Starzl, Park Row Medical Publishers, 1987
Technical Advisor, feature film "Dominic and Eugene"
Surgical Advisor, feature film "Article 99" (1990)
Surgical Advisor, feature film "Body Parts" (1991)
Guest Editor, Special Supplement of Transplantation Proceedings on FK-506
Medical Advisor and Investigator, Pharmacia Corporation
Medical Director, United HealthCare Corporation
Medical Director, United Resources Networks
Medical Director, Southern California Organ Procurement Center (SCOPC)
Corporate Member, Blue Shield of California
Co-Founder and Co-Chairman, Tractus Medical, Inc. (February 2002)
Licensure
Medical Council of Canada, Certificate of Registration (No. 45109), June 1978
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Medical Physician and Surgeon Certificate (MD-033026-E), 1985
College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario (CPSO Reg. No. 51150)
Board Certification in General Surgery, United States (Certificate #32749), 1987
State of California, Board of Medical Quality Assurance, Physician and Surgeon License (#A 045759)
Committee Memberships
Research Committee, Dept. of Surgery, University of Toronto
Steering Committee, Transplantation Conferences, Univ. of Pittsburgh
Surgical ICU Task Force, Presbyterian University Hospital
International Organ Transplant Forum (Scientific Program, Steering, Recipient)
AASLD Pre-meeting on Liver Transplantation (Steering Committee)
Advisory Committee, Graduate Program in Pathology, Children's Hospital
Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Associate Member
Center for Medical Ethics, University of Pittsburgh
National Kidney Foundation (Western PA), Fundraising Steering
Peer Review Committee, Cedars-Sinai
Biomedical Research Support Grant Advisory, Cedars-Sinai
Academic Supervision
Ph.D. Advisory Committee, S. Saidman, Dept. of Pathology
Co-supervisor, Ph.D. Thesis, S. Ontell, M.D., Anatomy & Cell Biology
Outside reviewer, M.Sc. Thesis, S. Iu, M.D., Surgery, Univ. of Toronto
Complete Bibliography (376 Peer-Reviewed Publications)
1979-1982 (33 publications)
  1. Harvey JC, Keen CW, Makowka L, Luk SC, Goldberg M: Adenocarcinoma of the trachea: Palliative response to Cobalt-60 irradiation. Can J Surg 22(3):268-270, 1979.
  2. Rotstein LE, Makowka L, Langer B, Blendis LM, Stone RM, Colapinto RF: Thrombosis portal vein following distal splenorenal shunt. Surg Gynecol Obstet 149:847-851, 1979.
  3. Falk RE, Nossal N, Makowka L, Rotstein LE, Falk JA: Chemical modulation of immune response to tumor associated antigen. In: Regulation by T-cells (DG Kilburn, JG Levy, JS TEH, Eds.) University of British Columbia Press, September 1979.
  4. Falk RE, Makowka L, Nossal N, Falk JA, Fields JE, Asculai SS: Modulation of the immune response and control of tumor spread by a new synthetic compound. Birt J Surg 66:861-863, 1979.
  5. Makowka L, Falk RE, Ambus U, Bugala R, Landi S: Adjuvant chemo-immunotherapy for gastric carcinoma. Can J Surg 23(5):429-431, 1980.
  6. Falk RE, Makowka L, Nossal NA, Falk JA, Rotstein LE, Fields JE, Asculai SS: Mechanism of increased antitumor immunity by a synthetic polymer. J Surg Res 28(6):485-491, 1980.
  7. Makowka L, Falk RE, Rotstein LE, Falk JA, Nossal N, Langer B, Blendis LM, Phillips MJ: Reversal of experimental acute hepatic failure in the rat. J Surg Res 29(6):479-487, 1980.
  8. Makowka L, Rotstein LE, Falk RE, Falk JA, Langer B, Nossal N, Blendis LM, Phillips MJ: Reversal of toxic and anoxic induced hepatic failure by syngeneic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic hepatocyte transplantation. Surgery 88(2):244-253, 1980.
  9. Falk RE, Makowka L, Nossal N, Rotstein LE, Falk JA: Comparison of the antitumor effect of a synthetic biopolymer and standard adjuvants. Surgery 88(1):126-136, 1980. Publications - continued
  10. Makowka L, Falk RE, Rotstein LE, Falk JA, Nossal N, Langer B, Blendis LM, Phillips MJ: Cellular transplantation in the treatment of experimental hepatic failure. Science 210:901-903, 1980.
  11. Rotstein LE, Makowka L, Falk RE, Kirby TJ, Nossal N, Falk JA: Selective immune stimulation during induction of allograft tolerance in the rat by radical immunosuppression. Transplantation 30(6):417-420, 1980.
  12. Makowka L, Rotstein LE, Falk RE, Falk JA, Nossal N, Langer B, Blendis LM, Phillips MJ: Allogeneic and xenogeneic hepatocyte transplantation in experimental hepatic failure. Transplantation 30(6):429-435, 1980.
  13. Falk RE, Makowka L, Rotstein LE, Bugala RA, Falk JA, Nossal N, Ambus U: Clinical evaluation of NED 137 in gastrointestinal cancer. In: Augmenting Agents in Cancer Therapy - Current Status and Future Prospects, Volume 16, Progress in Cancer Research and Therapy, (EM Hersh, MA Chirigos and MJ Mastrangelo, Eds.) Raven Press, New York, 1981, pp. 313.
  14. Makowka L, Falk RE, Nossal NA, Rotstein LE, Falk JA: Activation of the immune system to control experimental neoplastic growth by NED 137. In : Augmenting Agents in Cancer Therapy - Current Status and Future Prospects, Volume 16, Progress in Cancer Research and Therapy (EM Hersh, MA Chirigos and MJ Mastrangelo, EDS.) Raven Press, New York, 1981, pp. 295.
  15. Makowka L, Rotstein LE, Falk RE, Falk JA, Zuk R, Langer B, Blendis LM, Phillips MJ: Allogeneic and xenogeneic hepatocyte transplantation. Transplant Proc 13(1):855-859, 1981.
  16. Makowka L, Rotstein LE, Falk RE, Falk JA, Zuk R, Langer B, Blendis LM, Phillips MJ: Studies into the mechanism of reversal of experimental acute hepatic failure by hepatocyte transplantation. Can J Surg 24(1):39-44, 1981. Publications - continued
  17. Inaba T, Makowka L, Rotstein L, Mahon WA, Falk RE, Falk JA, Phillips MJ: Aminopyrine metabolism in cryopreserved isolated rat hepatocytes. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 59(4):408-411, 1981.
  18. Falk RE, Makowka L, Bugala R, Falk JA, Rotstein LE, Ambus U: Clinical evaluation of a synthetic low molecular weight polymer for advanced gastrointestinal cancer. Clin Invest Med 4(3/4):155-159, 1981.
  19. Makowka L, Falk RE, Falk JA, Teodorczyk-Injeyan J, Nossal NA, Rotstein LE: Elimination of 51Cr labeled target cells as a method of in vivo assessment of immune reactions. Folia Biologica 27(6):388-403, 1981.
  20. Makowka L, Falk RE, Hardy M, Falk JA, Langer B, Blendis LM, Phillips MJ: Reversal of ethanol-induced inhibition of hepatic regeneration by regenerating liver cytosol. Surg Forum 32:181-183, 1981.
  21. Rotstein LE, Makowka L, Harvey JC, Sidlofsky S, Luk SC, Stone RM: Caroli's disease: Case report and management recommendations. Can Med Asso J 125(3):268- 278, 1981.
  22. Falk RE, Greig P, Makowka L, Ambus U, Ropchan G, Larratt L, Langer B, Taylor BR, Hobbs BB, Colapinto RF, Bugala R, Gollish C, Kalman P: Intermittent percutaneous infusion into the hepatic artery of cytotoxic drugs for hepatic tumors. Can J Surg 25(1):47-50, 1982.
  23. Teodorczyk-Injeyan JA, Makowka L, Falk RE, Falk JA: Mechanisms of altered in vitro antibody response in the rat by a small synthetic polymer. Scand J Immunol 15(1):9- 16, 1982.
  24. Falk RE, Greig P, Makowka L, Ambus U, Ropchan G, Larratt L, Langer B, Taylor B, Hobbs B, Colapinto R, Bugala R, Gollish C, Kalman P: Intermittent percutaneous hepatic artery infusion of cytotoxic drugs for secondary tumor. In: Current Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy, Volume 2, Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of Chemotherapy (P Periti and GG Grassi, Eds.) American Society for Microbiology, pp. 1522-1523, 1982.
  25. Makowka L, Falk RE, Blendis LM, Langer B, Falk JA, Rotstein LE, Phillips MJ: Use of liver cytosol fractions in treatment of acute liver failure. (Letter to the Editor) Surgery 91(1):120-122, 1982.
  26. Rotstein LE, Makowka L, Lee G, Farber E: The effect of portal diversion on the early stages of liver carcinogenesis in the rat. Hepatology 2:67, 1982. Publications – continued
  27. Falk RE, Hardy M, Makowka L, Teodorczyk-Injeyan J, Falk JA: Sensitization to low dose 5-fluorouracil: Subsequent enhancement of its systemic antitumor effect in the rat. J Clin Invest 70:558-567, 1982.
  28. Makowka L, Falk RE, Cohen MM, Falk JA, Langer B, Blendis LM, Phillips MJ: Protective effects of 16, 16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 on acute ethanol-induced inhibition of hepatic regeneration. Surg Forum 33:183-186, 1982.
  29. Gerry KL, Witt BH, Track NS, McDonell M, Makowka L, Falk RE: Host survival and tumor growth in rats: The effects of protein depletion. Biomed Res 3(3):283-287, 1982.
  30. Dreznik Z, Falk RE, Howard V, Makowka L, Venturi D: Hyperthermia as a treatment for neoplasia. Can J Surg 25(6):603-608, 1982.
  31. Gerry KL, Witt BH, Track NS, McDonell M, Makowka L, Falk RE: The effect of protein depletion upon tumor growth and host survival. J Surg Res 33(4):332-336, 1982.
  32. Dummer JS, Siegfriedburckart E, Ho M, Breinig MK, Gupta P, Rinaldo CR, Ragni MV, Tzakis A, Makowka L, Van Thiel DH, Starzl TE: Infection with human immunodeficiency virus in the Pittsburgh transplant population: A study of 583 donors and 1043 recipients, 1981-86. Transplantation 47(1):134-140, 1989.
  33. Svanas GW, Eagon PK, Elm M, Makowka L, Podesta L, Chapchap P, Kahn D, Starzl TE, Van Thiel DH: Effect of antiandrogen fultamide on measures of hepatic regeneration in rats. Dig Dis & Sci 34(12):1916-1923, 1989.
1983-1986 (38 publications)
  1. Makowka L, Falk RE, Falk JA, Teodorczyk-Injeyan J, Venturi D, Rotstein LE, Falk W, Langer B, Blendis LM, Phillips MJ: The effect of liver cytosol on hepatic regeneration and tumor growth. Cancer 51(12):2181-2190, 1983.
  2. Miyazaki M, Makowka L, Falk RE, Falk W, Venturi D, Ambus U, Falk JA: Hyperthermochemotherapeutic in vivo isolated perfusion of the rat liver. Cancer 51(7):1254-1260, 1983.
  3. Miyazaki M, Makowka L, Falk RE, Falk JA, Inaba T: Comparison of in vivo thermochemotherapy of isolated rat liver through portal vein and hepatic artery. Can J Surg 26(3):224-228, 1983.
  4. Teodorczyk-Injeyan JA, Filion L, Falk J, Falk R, Makowka L: Mechanism of enhanced humoral response in rodents by a synthetic polymer. J Immunopharmacol 5(3):147-172, 1983.
  5. Finkelstein SD, Lee G, Medline A, Tatematsu M, Makowka L, Farber E: An experimental method for rapid growth of liver in spleen. The survival and proliferation of chemically induced preneoplastic hepatocytes in spleen. Am J Path 110(2):119-126, 1983.
  6. Lee G, Medline A, Finkelstein S, Tatematsu M, Makowka L, Farber E: Transplantation of hepatocytes from normal and preneoplastic livers into spleens of syngeneic host rats. Transplantation 36(2):218-221, 1983.
  7. Miyazaki M, Makowka L, Falk RE, Falk JA, McDonell M, Venturi D: Protection of thermochemotherapeutic-induced lethal acute hepatic necrosis in the rat by 16, 16- dimethyl prostaglandin E2. J Surg Res 34(5):415-426, 1983. Publications - continued
  8. Falk RE, Moffat FL, Calhoun K, Dreznik Z, Makowka L, Ambus U, Langer J, Howard V, Rotstein LE, Falk HA, Venturi D: The effect of radiofrequency hyperthermia and chemotherapy upon human neoplasms when used with adjuvant metronidazole. Surg Gynecol Obstet 157:505-512, 1983.
  9. Moffat FL, Falk RE, Calhoun K, Langer JC, Dreznik Z, Makowka L, Rotstein LE, Ambus U, Howard V, Campbell A, Laing D, Venturi D, Falk JA: Effect of radiofrequency hyperthermia and chemotherapy on primary and secondary hepatic malignancies when used with Metronidazole. Surgery 94(4):536-542, 1983.
  10. Falk RE, Makowka L, Ambus U, Falk JA, Bugala R, Landi S: Nonspecific and selective stimulation of the immune system in the treatment of carcinoma in humans. Can Med Assoc J 128(12):1385-1422, 1983.
  11. Miyazaki M, Makowka L, Falk RE, Falk JA, Falk W, Venturi D: Reversal of lethal, chemotherapeutically induced acute hepatic necrosis in rats by regenerating liver cytosol. Surgery 94(2):142-149, 1983.
  12. Falk RE, Moffat FL, Calhoun K, Dreznik Z, Makowka L, Ambus U, Langer JC, Howard V, Rotstein LE, Falk JA: The effect of radiofrequency hyperthermia on human neoplasms when used with adjuvant Metronidazole. In: Immunomodulation and Thermotherapy in Cancer. Proceedings of 2nd Annual International Meeting "Sanrocco '82" (HH Fudenberg, P Pontiggia and C Ogier, Eds.) Acta Medica, Edizioni e Congressi, Rome, Italy, pp. 29-52, 1983.
  13. Moffat FL, Rotstein LE, Calhoun K, Langer JC, Makowka L, Ambus U, Palmer JA, Campbell A, Howard V, Mikkelsaar R, Venturi D, Laing D, Falk JA, Falk RE: Palliation of advanced head and neck cancer with radiofrequency hyperthermia and cytotoxic chemotherapy. Can J Surg 27(1):38-41, 1984.
  14. Teodorczyk-Injeyan JA, Falk JA, Makowka L, Filion L, Falk RE, Moffat FL: NED 37: A low molecular weight polycarboxylate with immunostimulatory activity. In: Immune Modulation Agents and Their Mechanisms, Immunology Series 25. (RL Fenichell and MA Chirigos, Eds.) Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp. 261-286, 1984.
  15. Schwartz L, Makowka L, Falk RE, Falk JA, Moffat FL: Isolation of factor(s) present in regenerating liver cytosol which stimulate hepatocyte proliferation. Surg Forum 35:233-236, 1984.
  16. Abecassis M, Makowka L, Langer B, Taylor B: Sclerotherapy for esophageal varices: Preliminary Experience. Can J Surg 27(6):561-564, 1984. Publications - continued
  17. Dalfen R, Calhoun K, Gilas T, Mathews T, Falk M, Moffat FL, Makowka L, Rotstein LE, Langer JC, Venturi D, Laing D, Falk JA, Falk RE: Radiofrequency hyperthermia as adjuvant therapy following surgical resection of an experimental malignant neoplasm. Cancer 55(11):2737-2740, 1985.
  18. Moffat FL, Gilas T, Calhoun K, Falk M, Dalfen R, Rotstein LE, Makowka L, Howard V, Laing D, Venturi D, Langer JC, Falk JA, Falk RE: Further experience with regional radiofrequency hyperthermia and cytotoxic chemotherapy for unresectable hepatic neoplasia. Cancer 55(6):1291-1295, 1985.
  19. Moffat FL, Falk RE, Teodorczyk-Injeyan J, Clark AG, Gilas T, Falk M, Dalfen R, Rotstein LE, McDonell M, Makowka L, Lee G, Schwartz L, Falk JA: Reversal of Cyclosporine-induced mortality with a synthetic polymeric immunostimulant in a murine model of fecal peritonitis. Transplantation 39(4):369-374, 1985.
  20. Moffat FL, Teodorczyk-Injeyan J, Falk M, Clark AG, Rotstein LE, Makowka L, Gilas T, Dalfen R, Lee G, Falk JA, Falk RE: Abrogation of Cyclosporine-induced mortality in a murine peritonitis model by copovithane, a synthetic immunostimulative polymer. Transplant Proc 17(1):1428-1429, 1985.
  21. Falk RE, Teodorczyk-Injeyan JA, Moffat FL, Makowka L, Falk JA: Reversal of the Cyclosporine-induced immunosuppression by low molecular weight synthetic immunostimulants. Transplant Proc 27(1):1369-1371, 1985.
  22. Makowka L, Gilas T, Falk RE, Moffat FL, Phillips MJ, Falk JA: Prevention of Cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by 16, 16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2. Transplant Proc 27(1):1381-1383, 1985.
  23. Moffat FL, Clark AG, Falk M, Teodorczyk-Injeyan JA, Makowka L, Falk JA, Falk RE: Enhanced survival of antibiotic-treated murine fecal peritonitis by administration of copovithane, a selective immunostimulative polymer. J Surg Res 38:494-500, 1985.
  24. Falk RE, Moffat FL, Makowka L, Konn G, Bulbul MA, Rotstein LE, Bruce AW: Pelvic exenteration of advanced primary and recurrent adenocarcinoma. Can Surg 28(6):539-541, 1985.
  25. Lopatin WB, Makowka L, Gilas T, Falk JA, Falk RE: A new role for prostaglandin E (CL115,574) as a nephrocytoprotective agent for acute cyclosporine toxicosis. Surg Forum 36:341-343, 1985.
  26. Schwarz LC, Makowka L, Falk JA, Falk RE: The characterization and partial purification of hepatocyte proliferation factor. Ann Surg 202(3):296-302, 1985. Publications - continued
  27. Makowka L, Lopatin WB, Gilas T, Phillips MJ, Falk RE, Falk JA: Nephrocytoprotection and hepatocytoprotection by prostaglandins after Cyclosporine toxicity. Transplant Proc 12(6):2697-2699, 1985.
  28. Falk RE, Newhook L, Moffat FL, Lopatin WB, Heine JA, Makowka L, Howard V, Laing D, Venturi D, Falk JA: Thermochemotherapy for unresectable hepatic cancer. In: Recent Results in Cancer Research, Volume 100 Proceedings of Therapeutic Strategies in Primary and Metastatic Liver Cancer. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, West Germany, pp. 315-320, 1985.
  29. Down NK, Falk RE, Makowka L: Excision of abdominal wall tumors and reconstruction with marlex mesh. Can J Surg 29(3):191-192, 1986.
  30. Makowka L, Lopatin WB, Gilas T, Falk JA, Phillips MJ, Falk RE: Prevention of Cyclosporine (CyA) nephrotoxicity by synthetic prostaglandins. Clin Nephrol 25(1):S89- S94, 1986.
  31. Falk RE, Moffat FL, Lawler M, Heine J, Makowka L, Falk JA: Combination therapy for resectable and unresectable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Cancer 57(3):685-688, 1986.
  32. Cohen Z, Silverman RE, Wassef R, Levy GA, Burnstein M, Cullen J, Makowka L, Langer B, Greenberg GR: Small intestinal transplantation using Cyclosporine: Report of a Case. Transplantation 42(6):613-621, 1986.
  33. Francavilla A, Di Leo A, Polimeno L, Gavaler J, Pellicci R, Todo S, Kam I, Prelich J, Makowka L, Starzl TE: The effect of hepatic stimulatory substance, isolated from regenerating hepatic cytosol, and 50,000 and 300,000 subfractions in enhancing survival in experimental acute hepatic failure in rats treated with D-Galactosamine. Hepatology 6:1346-1351, 1986.
  34. Wassef R, Makowka L, Burnstein M, Cohen Z, Langer B: Harvesting the human small bowel for transplantation purposes. In: Organ Procurement II (LH Toledo-Pereyra, Ed.) Grune and Stratton, New York, pp. 111, 1986.
  35. Cobourn C, Makowka L, Ho CS, Taylor BR, Langer B: Percutaneous transhepatic sphincterotomy (PTS) in the management of biliary tract disease. Gastrointest Radiol 11(4): , 1986.
  36. Makowka L, Lee G, Cobourn CS, Farber E, Falk JA, Falk RE: Allogeneic hepatocyte transplantation in the rat spleen under cyclosporine immunosuppression. Transplantation 42(5):537, 1986.
  37. Makowka L, Svanas G, Esquivel CO, Venkataramanan R, Todo S, Iwatsuki S, Van Thiel DH, Starzl TE: Effect of Cyclosporine on hepatic regeneration. Surg Forum 37:352-354, 1986. Publications – continued
  38. Burckart GJ, Starzl TE, Venkataramanan R, Hashim H, Wong L, Wang P, Makowka L, Zeevi A, Ptachcinski RJ, Knapp JE, Iwatsuki S, Esquivel C, Sanghvi A, Van Thiel DH: Excretion of cyclosporine and its metabolites in human bile. Transplant Proc 18(6):46-49, 1986.
1987-1989 (192 publications)
  1. Gordon JD, Colapinto RF, Abecassis M, Makowka L, Langer B, Blendis LM, Taylor B, Stronell RD: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: A nonoperative approach to life-threatening variceal bleeding. Can J Surg 30(1):45-49, 1987.
  2. Francavilla A, Ove P, Polimeno L, Coetzee M, Makowka L, Rose J, Van Thiel DH, Starzl TE: Extraction and partial purification of hepatic stimulatory substance in rats, mice, and dogs. Cancer Res 47:5600-5605, 1987.
  3. Gordon RD, Makowka L, Bronsther O, Lerut JP, Esquivel CO, Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE: Complications of liver transplantation. In: Complications of Organ Transplantation (L Toledo-Pereyra, ED.) Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp. 329-354, 1987.
  4. Wong PY, Mason N, Cheung F, Abecassis M, Mee AV, Cole EH, Dindzans VJ, Langer B, Makowka L, Cohen Z, Van Thiel DH, Levy GA: Cyclosporine metabolites suppress T cell proliferation induced by concanavalin A. Transplant Proc 19:3490-3493, 1987.
  5. Cobourn CS, Makowka L, Langer B, Taylor BR, Falk RE: Examination of patient selection and outcome for hepatic resection for metastatic disease. Surg Gynecol Obstet 165(3):239-246, 1987.
  6. Esquivel CO, Klintmalm G, Iwatsuki S, Makowka L, Gordon RD, Tzakis A, Starzl TE: Liver transplantation in patients with patent splenorenal shunts. Surgery 101(4):430- 432, 1987.
  7. Tzakis AG, Gordon RD, Makowka L, Esquivel CO, Todo S, Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE: Clinical considerations in orthotopic liver transplantation. Rad Clin N Am 25:289-297, 1987.
  8. Esquivel CO, Bernardos A, Makowka L, Iwatsuki S, Gordon RD, Starzl TE: Liver replacement after massive hepatic trauma. J Trauma 27:800-802, 1987. Publications – continued
  9. Lerut J, Tzakis AG, Bron K, Gordon RD, Iwatsuki S, Esquivel CO, Makowka L, Todo S, Starzl TE: Complications of venous reconstruction in human orthotopic liver transplantation. Ann Surg 205:404-414, 1987.
  10. Esquivel CO, Fung JJ, Markus B, Iwatsuki S, Gordon RD, Makowka L, Marsh JW Jr, Tzakis AG, Todo S, Starzl TE: OKT3 in the reversal of acute hepatic allograft rejection. Transplant Proc 19(1):2443-2446, 1987.
  11. Todo S, Makowka L, Tzakis AG, Marsh JW Jr, Karrer FM, Armany M, Miller C, Tallent MB, Esquivel CO, Gordon RD, Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE: Hepatic artery in liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 19:2406-2411, 1987.
  12. Makowka L, Gordon RD, Todo S, Ohkohchi N, Marsh JW, Tzakis AG, Yokoi H, Ligush J, Esquivel CO, Satake M, Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE: Analysis of donor criteria for the prediction of outcome in clinical liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 19:2378-2382, 1987.
  13. Taylor RJ, Landreneau MD, Makowka L, Rosenthal TJ, Gordon RD, Tzakis AG, Starzl TE, Hakala TR: Cyclosporine immunosuppression and delayed graft function in 455 cadaveric renal transplants. Transplant Proc 19:2100-2103, 1987.
  14. Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE, Gordon RD, Esquivel CO, Todo S, Tzakis AG, Makowka L, Marsh JW Jr, Miller CM: Late mortality and morbidity after liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 19:2373-2377, 1987.
  15. Abecassis M, Falk J, Dindzans V, Lopatin WB, Makowka L, Levy G: Prostaglandin E2 prevents fulminant hepatitis and the induction of procoagulant activity in susceptible animals. Transplant Proc 19(1):1103-1105, 1987.
  16. Abecassis M, Falk JA, Makowka L, Dindzans V, Falk RE, Levy G: Cyclosporine A fails to alter innate resistance to murine hepatitis virus strain 3 infection in A/J mice. Transplant Proc 19(1):1214-1217, 1987.
  17. Cobourn CS, Makowka L, Falk JA, Falk RE: Allogeneic intra splenic hepatocyte transplantation in the Gunn rat using Cyclosporine immunosuppression. Transplant Proc 19(1):1002-1003, 1987.
  18. Fung JJ, Markus BH, Gordon RD, Esquivel CO, Makowka L, Tzakis A, Starzl TE: Impact of Orthoclone OKT3 in liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 19(2):37-44, 1987.
  19. Abecassis M, Falk JA, Makowka L, Dindzans VJ, Lopatin WB, Levy GA, Falk RE: 16, 16-Dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) prevents fulminant hepatitis and the induction of monocyte procoagulant activity (PCA) in murine hepatitis virus (MHV-3) infection in vivo. Transplant Proc 19(2):201, 1987. Publications - continued
  20. Harris KM, Schwartz ML, Slasky BS, Nalesnik M, Makowka L: Post-transplant cyclosporine-induced lymphoproliferative disorders. Radiology 162:697, 1987.
  21. Starzl TE, Todo S, Gordon R, Makowka L, Tzakis A, Iwatsuki S, Marsh W, Esquivel C, Van Thiel DH: Liver Transplantation in older patients. (Letter to the Editor) New Eng J Med 316:484-485, 1987.
  22. Kusne S, Dummer JS, Ho M, Whiteside T, Rabin BS, Makowka L, Esquivel CO, Starzl TE: Self-limited toxoplasma parasitemia after liver transplantation. Transplantation 44(3):457-458, 1987.
  23. Abecassis M, Falk J, Dindzans V, Lopatin WB, Makowka L, Levy G, Falk RE: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) alters the pathogenesis of MHV-3 infection in susceptible Balb/cJ mice. Adv in Exp Biol Med 218:465-466, 1987.
  24. Esquivel CO, Iwatsuki S, Gordon RD, Marsh JW Jr, Koneru B, Makowka L, Tzakis AG, Todo S, Starzl TE: Indications for pediatric liver transplantation. J Pediatrics 111:1039-1045, 1987.
  25. Esquivel CO, Koneru B, Karrer F, Todo S, Iwatsuki S, Gordon RD, Makowka L, Marsh WJ Jr, Starzl TE: Liver transplantation before 1 year of age. J Pediatrics 110:545- 548, 1987.
  26. Abecassis M, Falk J, Makowka L, Dindzans V, Falk RE, Levy G: Resistance to murine hepatitis virus Strain 3 (MHV-3) infection in A/J mice is not affected by Cyclosporine A (CsA). Adv Exp Biol Med 218:469-471, 1987.
  27. Marsh JW Jr, Esquivel CO, Makowka L, Todo S, Gordon RD, Tzakis A, Miller C, Morris M, Staschak S, Iwatsuki S, Mazariegos J, Capita S, Starzl TE: Accidental transplantation of malignant tumor from a donor to multiple recipients. Transplantation 44:449-450, 1987.
  28. Iu S, Harvey PRC, Makowka L, Petrunka CN, Ilson RG, Strasberg SM: Markers of allograft viability in the rat: Relationship between transplantation viability and liver function in the isolated perfused liver. Transplantation 44(4):562-569, 1987.
  29. Starzl TE, Miller C, Broznick B, Makowka L: An improved technique for multiple organ harvesting. Surg Gynecol Obstet 165:343-348, 1987.
  30. Gordon RD, Iwatsuki S, Esquivel CO, Makowka L, Todo S, Tzakis AG, Marsh JW Jr, Starzl TE: Progress in liver transplantation. Adv Surg 21:49-64, 1987.
  31. Marsh JW, Makowka L, Todo S, Gordon RD, Esquivel CO, Tzakis A, Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE: Liver transplantation today. Postgraduate Med 81:13-23, 1987. Publications - continued
  32. Markus BH, Fung JJ, Gordon RD, Iwatsuki S, Esquivel CO, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Effect of OKT3 on survival and rate of retransplantation. Transplant Proc 19:61-62, 1987.
  33. Starzl TE, Hakala TR, Tzakis A, Gordon R, Stieber A, Makowka L, Klimoski J, Bahnson HT: A multifactorial system for equitable selection of cadaveric kidney recipients. JAMA 257:3073-3075, 1987.
  34. Demetris AJ, Markus B, Burnham J, Nalesnik M, Gordon R, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Antibody deposition in liver allografts with chronic rejection. Transplant Proc 19:121-125, 1987.
  35. Abecassis M, Falk JA, Makowka L, Dindzans VJ, Falk RE, Levy GA: 16, 16 Dimethyl Prostaglandin E2 prevents the development of fulminant hepatitis and blocks the induction of monocyte/macrophage procoagulant activity after murine hepatitis virus strain 3 infection. J Clin Invest 80:881-889, 1987.
  36. Starzl TE, Tzakis A, Makowka L, Banner B, Demetrius A, Ramsey G, Duquesnoy R, Griffin M: The definition of ABO factors in transplantation: Relation to other humoral antibody states. Transplant Proc 19(6):4492-4497, 1987.
  37. Fung JJ, Makowka L, Griffin M, Duquesnoy RJ, Tzakis A, Starzl TE: Successful sequential liver-kidney transplantation in patients with preformed lymphocytotoxic antibodies. Clin Transplant 1:187-194, 1987.
  38. Lee P, Murase N, Todo S, Makowka L, Starzl TE: The immunosuppressive effects of FR 900506 in rats receiving heterotopic cardiac allografts. Surg Res Comm 1:325-331, 1987.
  39. Makowka L, Miller C, Chapchap P, Podesta L, Pan C, Pressley D, Mazzaferro V, Esquivel CO, Todo S, Jaffe R, Banner B, Saunders R, Starzl TE: Prolongation of pig-to- dog renal xenograft survival by modification of the inflammatory mediator response. Ann Surg 206(4):482-495, 1987.
  40. Down NK, Makowka L, Langer B, Colapinto R, Wensel RH: Successful treatment of a traumatic hepatic artery-portal vein arteriovenous fistula by interpositional mesocaval shunting. Can J Surg 30(2):117-119, 1987.
  41. Esquivel CO, Koneru B, Todo S, Iwatsuki S, Gordon RD, Marsh JW Jr, Makowka L, Tzakis AG, Starzl TE: Is multiple organ failure a contraindication for liver transplantation in children? Transplant Proc 19(4):47-48, 1987.
  42. Teperman LW, Gordon RD, Marsh JW Jr, Tzakis AG, Makowka L, Steiber A, Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE: Auxiliary vascular allografts in renal transplantation. In: Modern Vascular Surgery 3rd Edition, Grune and Stratton, New York, 1987. Publications - continued
  43. Esquivel CO, Vicente E, Van Thiel DH, Gordon R, Marsh W, Makowka L, Koneru B, Iwatsuki S, Madrigal M, Delgado Millan MA, Todo S, Tzakis A, Starzl TE: Orthotopic liver transplantation for alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency: An experience in 29 children and ten adults. Transplant Proc 19(5):3798-3802, 1987.
  44. Zeevi A, Duquesnoy R, Eiras G, Rabinowich H, Todo S, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Immunosuppressive effect of FK-506 on in vitro lymphocyte alloactivation: Synergism with cyclosporine A. Transplant Proc 19(5):40-44, 1987.
  45. Venkataramanan R, Warty VS, Zemaitis MA, Sanghvi AT, Burckart GJ, Seltman H, Todo S, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Biopharmaceutical Aspects of FK-506. Transplant Proc 19(5):30-35, 1987.
  46. Sanghvi A, Warty V, Zeevi A, Diven W, Duquesnoy R, Makowka L, Starzl TE: FK-506 enhances cyclosporine uptake by peripheral blood lymphocytes. Transplant Proc 19(5):45-49, 1987.
  47. Zeevi A, Duquesnoy R, Eiras G, Todo S, Makowka L, Starzl TE: In vitro immunosuppressive effects of FR 900506 on human T lymphocyte alloactivation. Surg Res Comm 1:315-323, 1987.
  48. Murase N, Todo S, Lee P-H, Lai H-S, Chapman F, Nalesnik MA, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Heterotopic heart transplantation in the rat receiving FK-506 alone or with cyclosporine. Transplant Proc 19(5):71-75, 1987.
  49. Todo S, Demetris AJ, Ueda Y, Imventarza O, Okuda K, Casavilla A, Cemaj S, Ghalab A, Mazzaferro V, Rhoe BS, Tonghua Y, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Canine kidney transplantation with FK-506 alone or in combination with cyclosporine and steroids. Transplant Proc 19(5):57-61, 1987.
  50. Todo S, Podesta L, Chapchap P, Kahn D, Pan C-E, Ueda Y, Okuda K, Imventarza O, Casavilla A, Demetris AJ, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Orthotopic liver transplantation in dogs receiving FK-506. Transplant Proc 19(5):64-67, 1987. Publications - continued
  51. Todo S, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Immunosuppression with FR 900506 for canine kidney and liver transplantation. Surg Res Comm 1:333-340, 1987.
  52. Starzl TE, Makowka L: Whole Organ Transplantation - Then and Now. Hospital Physician 23(8):28-36, 1987.
  53. Ontell S, Makowka L, Ove P, Starzl TE: The effects of a platelet activating factor antagonist on postischemic hepatic function in the rat. Surgical Forum 33:388-389, 1987.
  54. Makowka L, Chapman F, Qian S, Zerbe A, Lee P-H, Murase N, Saunders R, Todo S, Starzl TE: The effect of FK-506 on hyperacute rejection in presensitized rats. Transplant Proc 19(5):79-83, 1987
  55. Makowka L: Surgical approaches to the therapy of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. In: Advances in Hepatobiliary Diseases Seen in Practice (Syllabus). American Association for the Study of Liver Disease, October 24-25, pp. 100-123, 1987.
  56. Makowka L, Nalesnik M: Management of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders by reduction of immunosuppression. Immunopathology, Immunotherapy Letter, Vol III(1), 1987.
  57. Makowka L, Nalesnik M, Stieber A, Tzakis A, Jaffe R, Ho M, Iwatsuki S, Demetris AJ, Griffith BP, Breinig MK, Starzl TE: Control of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders and Kaposi's sarcoma by modulation of immunosuppression. In: The Nature, Cellular, and Biochemical Basis and Management of Immunodeficiencies. (R.A. Good, Ed.) FK Schattauer Verlag, Stuttgart-New York, pp. 567-618, 1987.
  58. Nalesnik MA, Todo S, Murase N, Gryzan S, Lee P-H, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Toxicology of FK-506 in the Lewis rat. Transplant Proc 19(5):89-92, 1987.
  59. Gordon RD, Iwatsuki S, Esquivel CO, Todo S, Makowka L, Tzakis A, Marsh JW, Starzl TE: Experience with primary liver transplantation across ABO blood groups. Transplant Proc 19(6):4575-4579, 1987.
  60. Makowka L, et al: Report to the Centers for Disease Control: Human immunodeficiency virus infection transmitted from an organ donor screened for HIV antibody - North Carolina. CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 36(20):306, 1987.
  61. Makowka L: Orthotopic liver transplantation in an eleven month-old girl with congenital tyrosinemia. Transplant Management, September, 1987.
  62. Gordon RD, Iwatsuki S, Tzakis AG, Esquivel CO, Todo S, Makowka L, Starzl TE: The Denver-Pittsburgh liver transplant series. In: Clinical Transplant 1987 (Ed, P. Terasaki). UCLA Tissue Typing Laboratory, Los Angeles, pp. 43-49, 1987. Publications - continued
  63. Makowka L, Miller C, Chapchap P, Podesta L, Pan C, Pressley D, Mazzaferro V, Esquivel CO, Todo S, Banner B, Jaffe R, Saunders R, Starzl TE: Prolongation of pig-to- dog renal xenograft survival by modification of the inflammatory mediator response. In: Transactions of the 107th Meeting of the American Surgical Association. (Wells SA, Ed.) J.B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, PA, pp. 248-261, 1987.
  64. Gordon RD, Iwatsuki S, Esquivel CO, Makowka L, Todo S, Tzakis AG, Marsh JW Jr and Starzl TE: Progress in liver transplantation. In: Advance In Surgery (Eds. R Tempkins, J Cameron, G Jordan, J Mannic, L MacLean, G Shires, C Welch) Yearbook Medical Publishers Inc, Chicago, pp. 49-64, 1987.
  65. Starzl TE, Gordon RD, Tzakis A, Staschak S, Fioravanti V, Broznick B, Makowka L, Bahnson, HT: Equitable allocation of extrarenal organs: With special reference to the liver. Transplant Proc 20(1):131-138, 1988.
  66. Demetris AJ, Markus BH, Saidman S, Fung JJ, Makowka L, Graner S, Duquesnoy R, Starzl TE: Isolation and primary cultures of human intrahepatic bile dectular epithelium. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 24:464-470, 1988.
  67. Gordon RD, Iwatsuki S, Esquivel CO, Makowka L, Tzakis AG, Todo S, Starzl TE: Liver transplantation. In: Organ Transplantation and Replacement (GJ Cerilli, Ed.) JP Lippincott, Philadelphia, pp. 511-534, 1988.
  68. Nalesnik MA, Locker J, Jaffe R, Demetris AJ, Hartle K, Burnham JA, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Clonal characteristics of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Transplant Proc 20(1):280-283, 1988.
  69. Steiber AC, Ambrosino G, Kahn D, Mieles L, Makowka L, Lerut J, Iwatsuki S, Todo S, Marsh WJ, Tzakis AG, Gordon RD, Esquivel CO, Starzl TE: An unusual complication of choledochocholedochostomy in orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 20(1):619-621, 1988.
  70. Francavilla A, Ove P, Polimeno L, Coetzee M, Makowka L, Rose J, Van Thiel DH, Barone M, Starzl TE: Isolation and partial purification of hepatic stimulatory substance. Transplant Proc 20(1):719-721, 1988. Publications - continued
  71. Todo S, Murase N, Kahn D, Pan CE, Okuda K, Cemaj S, Casavilla A, Mazzaferro V, Ghalab A, Rhoe BS, Yang M, Taniguchi K, Nalesnik M, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Effect of 15-Deoxyspergualin on experimental organ transplantation. Transplant Proc 20(1):233- 236, 1988.
  72. Wang CP, Burckart GJ, Venkataramanan R, Ptachcinski RJ, Cuellar RE, Makowka L, Van Thiel DH, Starzl TE: Cyclosporine metabolite profiles in the blood of liver transplant patients. Transplant Proc 20(1):173-175, 1988.
  73. Francavilla A, Ove P, Polimeno L, Makowka L, Barone M, Van Thiel DH, Starzl TE: Regulation of liver size and regeneration: Importance in liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 20(1):494-497, 1988.
  74. Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE, Todo S, Gordon RD, Esquivel CO, Tzakis AG, Makowka L, Marsh JW, Koneru B, Stieber A, Klintmalm G, Husberg B: Experience in 1,000 liver transplants under cyclosporine-steroid therapy: A survival report. Transplant Proc 20(1):498-504, 1988.
  75. Burckart GJ, Wang CP, Zeevi A, Venkataramanan R, Ptachcinski RJ, Hashem H, Wong L, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Cyclosporine metabolites in human bile: Recovery and immunologic activity. Transplant Proc 20(1):190-192, 1988.
  76. Todo S, Murase N, Ueda Y, Podesta L, Chapchap P, Kahn D, Okuda K, Imventarza O, Casavilla A, Demetris J, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Effect of FK-506 in experimental organ transplantation. Transplant Proc 20(1):215-219, 1988.
  77. Zeevi A, Duquesnoy R, Eiras G, Rabinowich H, Todo S, Makowka L, Starzl TE: In vitro immunosuppressive effects of FK-506 in combination with other drugs. Transplant Proc 20(1):220-222, 1988.
  78. Todo S, Yokoi H, Podesta L, Chapchap P, Pan C, Okuda K, Kamiyama Y, Demetris J, Makowka L, Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE: Amelioration of normothermic canine liver ischemia with prostacyclin. Transplant Proc 20(1):965-968, 1988. Publications - continued
  79. Demetris AJ, Markus B, Saidman S, Fung J, Makowka L, Duquesnoy R, Starzl TE: Establishment of primary cultures of human biliary epithelium and induction of class II major histocompatibility complex antigens by interferon gamma. Transplant Proc 20(1):728-730, 1988.
  80. Miller C, Mazzaferro V, Makowka L, Chapchap P, Demetris J, Tzakis A, Esquivel CO, Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE: Orthotopic liver transplantation for massive hepatic lymphangiomatosis. Surgery 103(4):490-495, 1988.
  81. Miller C, Mazzaferro V, Makowka L, Gordon RD, Todo S, Bowman J, Morris M, Ligush J, Starzl TE: Rapid flush technique for donor hepatectomy: Safety and efficacy of an improved method of liver recovery for transplantation. Transplant Proc 20(1):948-950, 1988.
  82. Esquivel CO, Van Thiel DH, Demetris AJ, Bernardos A, Iwatsuki S, Markus B, Gordon RD, Marsh JW Jr, Makowka L, Tzakis AG, Todo S, Gavaler JS, Starzl TE: Transplantation for primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 94:1207-1216, 1988.
  83. Singh N, Dummer JS, Kusne S, Makowka L, Starzl TE, Ho M: Impact of OKT3 therapy on cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus infections after liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 20(1):661-662, 1988.
  84. Kusne S, Dummer JS, Singh N, Makowka L, Esquivel CO, Starzl TE, Ho M: Fungal infections after liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 20(1):650-651, 1988.
  85. Tzakis A, Hakala T, Makowka L, Duquesnoy R, Gordon R, Ambrosino G, Starzl TE: Renal transplantation in the presence of a positive cytotoxic antibody. Transplant Proc 20(1):92-94, 1988.
  86. Ontell SJ, Makowka L, Mazzaferro V, Trager J, Ove P, Starzl TE: The protective effect of SRI 63-441 on ischemic liver injury using the isolated perfused rat liver: Combined protocol with superoxide dismutase. Transplant Proc 20(1):972-973, 1988.
  87. Francavilla A, Makowka L, Polimeno L, Barone M, Demetris J, Guglielmi FW, Ambrosino G, Van Thiel DH, Starzl TE: A novel model of acute hepatic failure in dogs with implication for transplantation research. Transplant Proc 20(1):713-715, 1988.
  88. Zeevi A, Venkataramanan R, Burckart G, Wang P, Murase N, Van Thiel DH, Starzl TE, Makowka L, Duquesnoy RJ: Sensitivity of activated human lymphocytes to cyclosporine and its metabolites. Human Immunology 21:143-153, 1988.
  89. Demetris AJ, Markus BH, Esquivel C, Van Thiel DH, Saidman S, Gordon R, Makowka L, Sysyn GD, Starzl TE: Pathologic analysis of liver transplantation for primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 8(4):939-947, 1988. Publications - continued
  90. Ho M, Jaffe R, Miller G, Breinig MK, Dummer JS, Makowka L, Atchison RW, Karrer F, Nalesnik MA, Starzl TE: The frequency of Epstein-Barr infection and associated lymphoproliferative syndrome after transplantation and its manifestations in children. Transplantation 45(4):719-727, 1988.
  91. Banner B, Makowka L, Demetris J, Tzakis A, Griffin M, Starzl TE: Hyperacute rejection of the kidney in patients with a negative crossmatch. Transplant Proc 20(1):453- 459, 1988.
  92. Marsh JW Jr, Iwatsuki S, Makowka L, Esquivel CO, Gordon RD, Todo S, Tzakis A, Miller C, Van Thiel DH, Starzl TE: Orthotopic liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Ann Surg 207:21-25, 1988.
  93. Kahn D, Lai HS, Romovacek H, Makowka L, Van Thiel DH, Starzl TE: Cyclosporine augments the regeneration response after partial hepatectomy in the rat. Transplant Proc 20(3):850-853, 1988.
  94. Bronsther O, Makowka L, Jaffe R, Demetris AJ, Breinig MK, Ho M, Esquivel CO, Gordon RD, Iwatsuki S, Tzakis A, Marsh JW, Mazzaferro V, Van Thiel DH, Starzl TE: The occurrence of cytomegalovirus hepatitis in liver transplant patients. J of Medical Virology 24(4):423-434, 1988.
  95. Wang CP, Burckart GJ, Ptachcinski RJ, Venkataramanan R, Schwenghammer T, Hakala T, Griffith B, Hardesty R, Shadduck R, Knapp J, Van Thiel DH, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Cyclosporine metabolite concentrations in the blood of liver, heart, kidney, and bone marrow transplant patients. Transplant Proc 20(2):591-596, 1988.
  96. Zeevi A, Eiras G, Burckart G, Makowka L, Venkataramanan R, Wang CP, Van Thiel DH, Murase N, Starzl TE, Duquesnoy R: Immunosuppressive effect of cyclosporine metabolites from human bile on alloreactive T cells. Transplant Proc 20(2):115-124, 1988.
  97. Fung J, Makowka L, Tzakis A, Klintmalm G, Duquesnoy R, Gordon R, Todo S, Griffin M, Starzl TE: Combined liver-kidney transplantation: Analysis of patients with preformed lymphocytotoxic antibodies. Transplant Proc 20(1):88-91, 1988.
  98. Hashem H, Venkataramanan R, Burckart GJ, Makowka L, Starzl TE, Fu E, Wong LK: Identification of the aldehydic metabolites. Transplant Proc 20(1):176-178, 1988.
  99. Gordon RD, Tzakis AG, Iwatsuki S, Todo S, Esquivel CO, Marsh JW, Stieber A, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Experience with orthoclone OKT3 monoclonal antibody in liver transplantation. Am J Kidney Disease 11(2):141-144, 1988.
  100. Kahn D, Svanas GW, Eagon PK, Makowka L, Podesta L, Chapchap P, Starzl TE, Van Thiel DH: Effect of an antiandrogenic H2 - receptor antagonist on hepatic regeneration in rats. J Lab Clinical Med 112:232-239, 1988. Publications - continued
  101. Singh N, Dummer JS, Kusne S, Breinig MK, Armstrong JA, Makowka L, Starzl TE, Ho M: Infections with cytomegalovirus and other herpes viruses in 121 liver transplant recipients: Transmission by donated organ and the effect of OKT3 antibodies. J Infectious Diseases 158(1):124-132, 1988.
  102. Nalesnik MA, Jaffe R, Starzl TE, Demetris AJ, Porter K, Burnhan JA, Stieber A, Makowka L, Ho M, Breinig NK, Atchison RW, Locker J: The pathology of post- transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD's) occurring in the setting of cyclosporine A - prednisone immunosuppression. Am J Pathol 133:173-192, 1988.
  103. Alexander JA, Demetris AJ, Gavaler JS, Makowka L, Starzl TE, Van Thiel DH: Pancreatitis following liver transplantation. Transplantation 45(6):1062-1065, 1988.
  104. Kusne S, Dummer JS, Singh N, Iwatsuki S, Makowka L, Esquivel CO, Tzakis AG, Starzl TE, Ho M: Infections after liver transplantation: An analysis of 101 consecutive cases. Medicine 67(2):132-143, 1988.
  105. Makowka L, Sher L, Kahn D, Tzakis AG, Todo S, Marsh JW, Stieber A, Koneru B, Klintmalm GBG, Staschak SM, Iwatsuki S, Gordon RD, Van Thiel DH, Starzl TE: Which liver-disease patients need a transplant? Diagnosis 10(6):62-79, 1988.
  106. Nalesnik MA, Makowka L, Starzl TE: The diagnosis and treatment of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Current Problems in Surgery 25(6):367-472, 1988.
  107. Makowka L, Starzl TE: Hepatic Transplant. In: Common Problems in Gastrointestinal Surgery (JF Fischer, ED.) Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago, pp. 239-250, 1988.
  108. Van Thiel DH, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Liver Transplantation: Where its been and where it's going. In: Clinics in Gastroenterology, (DH Van Thiel, L Makowka, Eds.), WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 17(1):1-18, 1988.
  109. Todo S, Ueda Y, Demetris JA, Imventarza O, Nalesnik M, Venkataramanan R, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Immunosuppression of canine, monkey, and baboon allografts by FK-506: with special reference to synergism with other drugs, and to tolerance induction. Surgery 104(2):239-249, 1988.
  110. Andreola S, Audisio RA, Mazzaferro V, Doci R, Makowka L, Gennari L: Primary lymphoma of the liver showing immunohistochemical evidence of T-cell origin: successful management by right trisegmentectomy. Dig Dis & Sci 33:1632-1636, 1988.
  111. Makowka L, Stieber AC, Sher L, Kahn D, Mieles L, Bowman J, Mazzaferro V, Marsh JW Jr, Starzl TE: Surgical technique of orthotopic liver transplantation. In: Clinics in Gastroenterology, (DH Van Thiel, L Makowka, Eds.), WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 17(1):33-51, 1988. Publications - continued
  112. Makowka L, Discussion of paper by: Bain JR, Mackinnon SE, Hudson AR, Falk RE, Falk JA, Hunter DA: The peripheral nerve allograft: An assessment of regeneration across nerve allografts in rats immunosuppressed with cyclosporine A. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Vol. 82(6), 1988.
  113. Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE, Todo S, Gordon RD, Tzakis AG, Marsh JW, Makowka L, Koneru B, Stieber A, Klintmalm G, Husberg B, Van Thiel DH: Liver transplantation in the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices. Surgery 104:697-705, 1988.
  114. Tzakis AG, Arditi M, Whitington PF, Yanaga K, Esquivel C, Andrews WA, Makowka L, Malatak J, Freese DK, Stock PG, Ascher NL, Hohnson FL, Broelsch CE, Starzl TE: Aplastic anemia complicating orthotopic liver transplantation for non-A, non- B hepatitis. N Engl J Med 319(7):393-396, 1988.
  115. Tzakis AG, Mazzaferro V, Pan C, Gordon RD, Todo S, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Renal artery reconstruction for harvesting injuries in kidney transplantation: with particular reference to the use of vascular allografts. Transplant Int 1(2):80-85, 1988.
  116. Ontell SJ, Makowka L, Ove P, Starzl TE: Improved hepatic function in the 24-hour preserved rat liver with UW-lactobionate solution and SRI 63-441. Gastroenterology 95:1617-1624, 1988.
  117. Makowka L, Lopatin WB, Shapiro R, Tzakis AG, Starzl TE: Future aspects of renal transplantation. World Journal of Urology 6(2):136-139, 1988.
  118. Mazzaferro V, Dindzans VJ, Makowka L, Van Thiel DH: Approach to hepatic metastases from colorectal adenocarcinoma. Sem Liver Dis 8(3):247-253, 1988.
  119. Kahn D, Gavaler JS, Makowka L, Chapchap P, Mazzaferro V, Casavilla A, Porter L, Smith MS, Eagon PK, Starzl TE, Van Thiel DH: Does hyperprolactinemia affect hepatic regeneration independent of sex steroids. J Lab Clin Med 112(5):644-651, 1988.
  120. Demetris AJ, Markus BH, Fung JJ, Makowka L, Graner S, Duquesnoy R, Starzl TE: Primary cultures of human intrahepatic (biliary) epithelial cells. Transplant Proc 20(2):161-163, 1988.
  121. Rao PN, Walsh T, Makowka L, Rubin R, Snyder J, Starzl TE: Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) - a new marker for ischemia/reperfusion oxidative liver injury. Hepatology 8:1289, 1988.
  122. Walsh TR, Rao PN, Makowka L, Starzl TE: The damaging effects of oxygen in post- ischemia hepatic reperfusion injury. Hepatology 8:1289, 1988. Publications - continued
  123. Banner B, Makowka L, Demetris J, Tzakis A, Griffin M, Starzl TE: Hyperacute rejection of the kidney in patients with a negative crossmatch. Transplant Proc 20(1):453- 459, 1988.
  124. Ontell S, Colella MS, Horowitz J, Makowka L, Trager J, Starzl TE: Applications of the isolated perfused rat liver in transplantation research. J Investigative Surg 1(1):25-27, 1988.
  125. Hoffman AL, Makowka L, Cramer DV, Rettinger P, Starzl TE: Studies of graft versus host disease using immunomagnetic T cell depletion of rat bone marrow. J Investigative Surg, 1:241, 1988.
  126. Hoffman AL, Makowka L, Chapman F, Starzl TE: Near total heterotopic small intestine transplantation in the rat. Academy of Surgical Research, 1988.
  127. Makowka L, Stieber AC, Sher L, Kahn D, Mieles L, Bowman J, Mazzaferro V, Marsh JW Jr, Starzl TE: Surgical technique of orthotopic liver transplantation. In: Clinics in Gastroenterology (DH Van Thier, L Makowka Eds.), WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 17(1):33-51, 1988.
  128. Starzl TE, Tzakis A, Makowka L, Fung J, Klintmalm G, Todo S, Gordon R, Griffin M: Combined liver and kidney transplantation: With particular reference to positive cytotoxic crossmatches. In: Progress and prevention of uremia, (Giodano and Freidman, Eds.) Field and Wood Co, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 2, 1989.
  129. Francavilla A, Panella C, Polimeno L, DiLeo A, Makowka L, Barone M, Amoruso A, Ingrosso M, Starzl TE: Effect of cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine and omeprazole on hepatocyte proliferation in vitro. Hepatology 8(1):32-41, 1989.
  130. Francavilla A, Polimeno L, DiLeo A, Barone M, Ove P, Coetzee M, Eagon P, Makowka L, Ambrosino G, Mazzaferro V, Starzl TE: The effect of estrogen and tamoxifen on hepatocyte proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Hepatology 9(4):614-620, 1989.
  131. Francavilla A, Makowka L, Polimeno L, Barone M, Demetris J, Prelich J, Van Thiel DH, Starzl TE: A dog model for acetaminophen-induced fulminant hepatic failure. Gastroenterology 96(2 Pt 1):470-478, 1989. Publications – continued
  132. Demetris AJ, Jaffe R, Tzakis A, Ramsey G, Todo S, Belle S, Esquivel CO, Shapiro R, Zjako A, Markus B, Mrozec E, Van Thiel DH, Sysyn G, Gordon R, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Antibody mediated rejection of human liver allografts: Transplantation across ABO blood group barriers. Transplant Proc 21(1):2217-2220, 1989.
  133. Yanaga K, Shimada M, Makowka L, Esquivel CO, Tzakis AG, Starzl TE: Significance of blood flow measurement in clinical liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 21(1 Pt 2):2330-2331, 1989.
  134. Ward JW, Schable C, Dickinson GM, Makowka L, Yanaga K, Caruana R, Chan H, Salazar F, Schochetman G, Holmberg S: Acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: Antigen detection and seroconversion in immunocompromised patients. Transplantation 47(4):722-724, 1989.
  135. Iwatsuki S, Stieber AC, Marsh JW, Tzakis AG, Todo S, Koneru B, Makowka L, Gordon RD, Starzl TE: Liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure. Transplant Proc 21(1 Pt 2):2431-2434, 1989.
  136. Mazzaferro V, Esquivel CO, Makowka L, Belle S, Kahn D, Scantlebury VP, Ferla G, Koneru B, Scotti-Foglieni CL, Todo S, Tzakis AG, Starzl TE: Factors responsible for hepatic artery thrombosis after pediatric liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 21:2466- 2467, 1989.
  137. Kahn D, Cervio G, Mazzaferro V, Venkataramanan R, Makowka L, Van Thiel DH, Starzl TE: Correlation between dose and level of cyclosporine after orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 21(1 Pt 2):2240-2241, 1989.
  138. Kahn D, Makowka L, Zeng P, Murase N, Starzl TE, Van Thiel DH: Estrogen and androgen receptors in the liver after orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 21(1 Pt 2):409-410, 1989.
  139. Starzl TE, Todo S, Tzakis AG, Gordon RD, Makowka L, Stieber A, Podesta L, Yanaga K, Concepcion W, Iwatsuki S: Liver transplantation: An unfinished product. Transplant Proc 21:2197-2200, 1989.
  140. Koneru B, Scantlebury VP, Makowka L, Esquivel CO, Todo S, Tzakis AG, Marsh JW, Iwatsuki S, Douglas L, Starzl TE: Infections in pediatric liver recipients treated for acute rejection. Transplant Proc 21(1 Pt 2):2251-2252, 1989.
  141. Mazzaferro V, Makowka L, Enrichens F, Kahn D; and others: A modified technique of orthotopic transplant of the kidney in rabbits. Department of Surgery and Pathology, University Health Center, Pittsburgh, PA. J Invest Surg 2(3):293-303, 1989.
  142. Ove P, Francavilla A, Coetzee ML, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Response of cultured hepatocytes to a hepatomitogen after initiation by conditioned medium or other factors. Cancer Res 49(1):98-103, 1989. Publications – continued
  143. Kahn D, Esquivel CO, Makowka L, Madrigal-Torres M, Yunis E, Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE: Causes of death after liver transplantation in children treated with cyclosporine and steroids. Clin Transplant 3:150-155, 1989.
  144. Ontell SJ, Makowka L, Trager J, Mazzaferro V, Ove P, Starzl TE: Pharmacological modulation of post-ischemic hepatic function in the rat. Ann of Surg 209(2):200-210, 1989.
  145. Makowka L, Tzakis AG, Mazzaferro V, Teperman L, Demetris AJ, Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE: Transplantation of the liver for metastatic endocrine tumors of the intestine and pancreas. Surg Gynecol Obstet 168(2):107-111, 1989.
  146. Makowka L, Zerbe TR, Chapman F, Qian S, Sun H, Murase N, Kormos R, Snyder J, Starzl TE: Prolonged rat cardiac preservation with UW lactobionate solution. Transplant Proc 21(1 Pt 2):1350-1352, 1989.
  147. Cramer DV, Qian S, Harnaha J, Chapman F, Estes LW, Starzl TE, Makowka L: Cardiac transplantation in the rat. I. The effect of histocompatibility differences on graft arteriosclerosis. Transplantation 47(3):414-419, 1989.
  148. Francavilla A, Gavaler JS, Makowka L, Barone M, Ambrosino G, Iwatsuki S, Guglielmi FW, DiLeo A, Balestrazzi A, Van Thiel DH, Starzl TE: Estradiol and testosterone levels in patients undergoing partial hepatectomy: A possible signal for hepatic regeneration? Dig Dis & Sci 34(6):818-822, 1989.
  149. Kahn D, Eagon PK, Porter LE, Elm MS, Makowka L, Podesta L, Starzl TE, Van Thiel DH: Effect of tamoxifen on hepatic regeneration in male rats. Dig Dis & Sci 34(1):27-32, 1989.
  150. Hoffman AL, Makowka L, Cramer DV, Cai X, Banner B, Pascualone A, Hoffmann S, Starzl TE: Induction of stable chimerism and elimination of graft-versus-host disease by depletion of T lymphocytes from bone marrow using immunogenetic beads. Surgery 106(2):354-363, 1989.
  151. Kahn D, Svanas GW, Eagon PK, Elm M, Porter LE, Makowka L, Podesta L, Chapchap P, Starzl TE, Van Thiel DH: Liver regeneration in rats treated with antiandrogen flutamide. J Invest Surg 1(2):133-138, 1989. Publications – continued
  152. Todo S, Demetris AJ, Makowka L, Teperman L, Podesta L, Shaver T, Tzakis A, Starzl TE: Primary non-function of hepatic homografts with preexisting fatty infiltration. Transplantation 47(5):903-905, 1989.
  153. Tzakis AG, Carroll PB, Gordon RG, Yokoyama I, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Arterial mycotic aneurysm and rupture. A potentially fatal complication of pancreas transplantation in diabetes mellitus. Arch Surgery 124(6):660-661, 1989.
  154. Wilson B, Marsh JW, Makowka L, Stieber AC, Koneru B, Todo S, Tzakis AG, Gordon RD, Starzl TE: Biliary tract complications in orthotopic adult liver transplantation: comparison of anastomotic complications with braided absorbable suture (Polyglactin 910) versus a new monofilament absorbable suture (Polyglyconate). Am J Surg 158(1):68-70, 1989.
  155. Starzl TE, Rowe MI, Todo S, Jaffe R, Tzakis AG, Hoffman AL, Esquivel CO, Porter KA, Venkataramanan R, Makowka L, Duquesnoy R: Transplantation of multiple abdominal viscera. JAMA 261(10):1449-1457, 1989.
  156. Hoffman AL, Makowka L, Cramer DV, Cai X, Pascualone A, Banner BF, Sheahan DG, Rettinger P, Starzl TE: Immunomagnetic T-lymphocyte depletion (ITLD) of rat bone marrow using ox-19 monoclonal antibody. J Invest Surg 2(3):241-251, 1989.
  157. Kahn D, Zeng Q, Makowka L, Murase N, Nakajima Y, Eagon PK, Francavilla A, Starzl TE, Van Thiel DH: Orthotopic liver transplantation and the cytosolic estrogen- androgen receptor status of the liver: the influence of the sex of the donor. Hepatology 10(5):861-866, 1989.
  158. Van Thiel DH, Gavalar JS, Tarter RE, Dindzans VJ, Gordon RD, Iwatsuki S, Makowka L, Todo S, Starzl TE: Liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease: a consideration of reasons for and against. Alcoholism: Clin & Experimental Research 13(2):181-184, 1989.
  159. Tzakis AG, Carcassonne C, Todo S, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Liver transplantation for primary biliary cirrhosis. Seminars in Liver Dis 9(2):144-148, 1989. Publications – continued
  160. Yanaga K, Tzakis AG, Shimada M, Campbell WE, Marsh JW, Stieber AC, Makowka L, Todo S, Gordon RD, Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE: Reversal of hypersplenism following orthotopic liver transplantation. Ann Surg 210(2):180-183, 1989.
  161. Venkataramanan R, Kalp K, Rabinovitch M, Cueller R, Ptachcinski RJ, Teperman L, Makowka L, Burchart GJ, Van Thiel DH, Starzl TE: Conjugative drug metabolism in liver transplant patients. Transplant Proc 21(1 PT 2):2455, 1989.
  162. Yanaga K, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Is hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation really a surgical complication? Transplant Proc 21(3):3511-3513, 1989.
  163. Yanaga K, Makowka L, Shimada M, Esquivel CO, Bowman JS, Todo S, Tzakis AG, Starzl TE: Hepatic artery thrombosis following pediatric liver transplantation: assessment of blood flow measurement in allografts. Clin Transplant 3(4):184-189, 1989.
  164. Van Thiel DH, Dindzans V, Gavaler JS, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. In: Liver Cell Carcinoma (Eds. Bannasch P, Keppler D, Weber G) Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, pp. 499-507, 1989.
  165. Mazzaferro V. Esquivel CO, Makowka L, Belle S, Kahn D, Koneru B, Scantlebury VP, Stieber AC, Todo S, Tzakis AG, Starzl TE: Hepatic artery thrombosis after pediatric liver transplantation - a medical or surgical event? Transplantation 47(6):971-977, 1989.
  166. Yanaga K, Shimada M, Makowka L, Higashi H, Todo S, Starzl TE: The effect of preservation fluid on the blood flow of pediatric liver allografts.Transplantation 48(2):358, 1989.
  167. Cramer DV, Qian S, Harnaha J, Chapman F, Starzl TE, Makowka L: Accelerated graft arteriosclerosis is enhanced by sensitization of the recipient to donor lymphocytes. Transplant Proc 21(4):3714-3715, 1989.
  168. Marsh JW, O'Hair DP, Podesta L, Todo S, Makowka L, Stieber A, Koneru B, Tzakis A, Gordon RD, Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE: The use of pulmonary artery sequestration as an hepatic arterial conduit: case of unusual hepatic arterial supply. Transplantation 47(1):199-200, 1989. Publications – continued
  169. Yanaga K, Tzakis A, Makowka L, Mieles L, Starzl TE: A simple and safe technique for pretransplant biopsy of the liver allograft. Clin Transplant 4:406-407, 1989.
  170. Shimada M, Yanaga K, Makowka L, Kakizoe S, Van Thiel DH, Starzl TE: Significance of lecithin: Cholesterol acyltransferase activity as a prognostic indicator of early allograft function in clinical liver transplantation. Transplantation 48(4):600-603, 1989.
  171. Nakazato P, Esquivel CO, Urbach AH, Makowka L, Scantlebury V, Jaffe R, Starzl TE: Lymphoma and hypercalcemia in a pediatric orthotopic liver transplant patient. Transplantation 48:1003-1006, 1989.
  172. Yanaga K, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Reversal of hyperglobulinemia after orthotopic liver transplantation. New Engl J Med 321(6):399, 1989.
  173. Esquivel CO, Mieles L, Marino IR, Todo S, Makowka L, Ambrosini G, Nakazato P, Starzl TE: Liver transplantation for hereditary tyrosinemia in the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Transplant Proc 21(1 Pt 2):2445-2446, 1989.
  174. Iwatsuki S, Stieber AC, Marsh JW, Tzakis AG, Todo S, Koneru B, Makowka L, Gordon RD, Starzl TE: Liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure. Transplant Proc 21(1):2431-2434, 1989.
  175. Makowka L, Chapman F, Cramer DV, Sher L, Podesta L, Howard T, Starzl TE: The role of inflammatory reactions in xenotransplantation. Xenograft 25:159-169, 1989.
  176. Walsh RT, Rao PN, Rubin R, Snyder J, Makowka L: Washout with oxygen depleted solution obliterates reperfusion (REP) injury in ischemic (I) livers. Surgical Forum 40:77- 80, 1989.
  177. Lerut J, Stieber AC, Makowka L, Esquivel CO, Iwatsuki S, Gordon RD, Starzl TE: Long-term results of orthotopic liver transplantation during the cyclosporine era. 393 orthotopic liver transplantations accomplished in 313 consecutive patients at the Pittsburgh Transplantation Center [Fre]. Helvetica Chirurgica Acta 56(3):405-420, 1989.
  178. Yanaga K, Tzakis AG, Shimada M, Campbell WE, Marsh JW, Stieber AC, Makowka L, Todo S, Gordon RD, Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE: Reversal of hypersplenism following orthotopic liver transplantation. Ann Surg 210(2):180-183, 1989. Publications - continued
  179. Belli L, Romani F, Belli LS, Carlis LD, Rondinara G, Baticci F, Favero ED, Minola E, Donato F, Mazzaferro V, Teperman L, Makowka L, Van Thiel DH: Reappraisal of surgical treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in cirrhosis: clinicopathological study of resection or transplantation. Dig Dis & Sci 34(10):1571-1575, 1989.
  180. Starzl TE, Tzakis A, Makowka L, Fung J, Klintmalm G, Todo S, Gordon R, Griffin M: Combined liver and kidney transplantation: with particular reference to positive cytotoxic crossmatches. In: Progress and Prevention of Uremia, Volume II (Eds. Giordano and Freidman) Field & Wood, April, Philadelphia, PA, 1989.
  181. Teperman LW, Gordon RD, Marsh JW, Jr, Tzakis AG, Makowka L, Stieber A, Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE: Auxiliary vascular allografts in renal transplantation. In: Modern Vascular Surgery (Ed. JB Chang) PMA Pub. Corp. New York, 3:357-362, 1989.
  182. Eiras G, Zeevi A, Todo S, Makowka L, Starzl TE, Duquesnoy RJ: Inhibitory effects of FK 506 in combination with CsA on human lymphocyte alloproliferative responses. Immunobiology of HLA 2:491-493, 1989.
  183. Starzl TE, Demetris AJ, Todo S, Kang Y, Tzakis A, Duquesnoy R, Makowka L, Banner B, Concepcion W, Porter KA: Evidence for hyperacute rejection of human liver grafts: the case of the canary kidneys. Clin Transplantation 3(1):37-45, 1989.
  184. Kahn D, Zeng Q, Kajani M, Eagon PK, Lai H, Makowka L, Starzl TE, Van Thiel DH: The effect of different types of hepatic injury on the estrogen and androgen receptor activity of liver. J Invest Surg 2(2):125-133, 1989.
  185. Mazzaferro V, Makowka L, Stieber AC, Starzl TE: Il trapianto ortotopico di fegato nell'uomo. Liver transplantation in humans. In: Italian Medical Encyclopedia Volume 6, (Italian Edition). Uses Publisher, Rome, Italy, 1989.
  186. Makowka L, Shapiro R, Chapman F, Qian S, Starzl TE: The mechanisms and possible management of hyperacute rejection. In: Heart and Lung Replacement - the present status of biological and mechanical replacement of the heart and lungs. (Cooper DKC, Ed.) Medical and Technical Press Ltd., United Kingdom, 1989.
  187. Casavilla A, Kahn D, Makowka L, Chapchap P, Van Thiel D, Starzl TE: Hiperprolactinemia y regeneracion hepatica. Rev Argent Cirug 56:249-254, 1989.
  188. Casavilla A, Kahn D, Esquivel C, Makowka L, Cervio G, Torres MM, Yunis E, Starzl TE: Causas de muerte posterior al trasplante hepatico en ninos tratados con ciclosporina y esteroides. Rev Argent Cirug 56:270-273, 1989.
  189. Kahn D, Kajani M, Zeng Q, Lai H, Eagon PK, Makowka L, Starzl TE, Van Thiel DH: Effect of partial portal vein ligation on hepatic regeneration. J Invest Surg 2(2):125-133, 1989. Publications - continued
  190. Makowka L, Tzakis AG, Mazzaferro V, Teperman L, Demetris AJ, Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE: Transplantation of the liver for metastatic endocrine tumors of the intestine and pancreas. Surg Gynecol Obstet 168:107-111, 1989.
  191. Sher L, Makowka L: The present status of liver transplantation. New Developments in Medicine, 4(2):5-17, 1989.
  192. Clark W, Mazzaferro V, Kahn D, Polimeno L, Ash SR, Blake D, Francavilla A, Nalesnik M, Weber T, Begliomini B, Starzl TE, Makowka L: Fulminant hepatic failure induced by acetaminophen intoxication and treated with sorbent dialysis. J Invest Surg 2, 1989.
1990-1993 (80 publications)
  1. Panella C, Makowka, L, Barone M, Polimeno L, Rizzi S, Demetris AJ, Bell S, Guglielmi FW, Prelich JG, Van Thiel DH, Starzl TE, Francavilla A: Effect of ranitidine on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in dogs. Department of Gastroenterology, University of Bari, Italy. Dig Dis & Sci 35(3):385-91, 1990.
  2. Ontell SJ, Makowka L, Boccagni P, Starzl TE: The role of PAF and its antagonism in transplantation: Organ ischemia and preservation. In: Platelet Activating Factor in Endotoxin and Immune Diseases. (Eds., Handley, Saunders, Houlihan, Tomesch). Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp. 387-417, 1990.
  3. Makowka L, Chapman F, Cramer DV, Qian S, Pascualone A, Sico E, Podesta L, Sher L, Sun H, Banner B, Saunders R, Starzl TE: The antagonism of platelet-activating factor and hyperacute organ rejection. In: Platelet Activating Factor in Endotoxin and Immune Diseases. (Eds., Handley, Saunders, Houlihan, Tomesch). Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp. 387-419, 1990.
  4. Yanaga K, Lebeau G, Marsh JW, Gordon RD, Makowka L, Tzakis AG, Todo S, Stieber AC, Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE: Hepatic artery reconstruction for hepatic artery thrombosis after orthotopic liver transplantation. Arch Surg 125(5):628-631, 1990.
  5. Lebeau G, Yanaga K, Marsh JW, Tzakis AG, Todo S, Makowka L, Gordon RD, Stieber A, Koneru B, Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE: Analysis of surgical complications after 397 hepatic transplantations. Surg Gynecol Obstet 170(4):317-322, 1990.
  6. Hoffman AL, Makowka L, Banner B, Cai X, Cramer DV, Pascualone A, Todo S, Starzl TE: The use of FK-506 for small intestine allotransplantation: Inhibition of acute rejection and prevention of fatal graft-versus-host disease. Transplantation 49(3):483-490, 1990. Publications – continued
  7. Hoffman AL, Makowka L, Cai X, Banner B, Cramer DV, Pascualone A, Todo S, Starzl TE: The effect of FK-506 on small intestine allotransplantation in the rat. Transplant Proc 22(1):76-77, 1990.
  8. Mieles L, Esquivel CO, Makowka L, Van Thiel DH, Koneru B, Stieber A, Todo S, Tzakis A, Starzl TE: Liver transplantation for tyrosinemia. A review of 10 cases from the University of Pittsburgh. Dig Dis & Sci 35(1):153-157, 1990.
  9. Walsh TR, Rao PN, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Lipid peroxidation is a nonparenchymal cell event with reperfusion after prolonged liver ischemia. J Surg Res 49(1):18-22, 1990.
  10. Rao PN, Walsh TR, Makowka L, Liu T, Demetris AJ, Rubin RS, Snyder JT, Mischinger HJ, Starzl TE: Inhibition of free radical generation and improved survival by protection of the hepatic microvascular endothelium by targeted erythrocytes in orthotopic rat liver transplantation. Transplantation 49(6):1055-1059, 1990.
  11. Makowka L, Chapman F, Cramer DV, Qian S, Sun H, Starzl TE: Platelet-activating factor and hyperacute rejection. The effect of a platelet-activating factor antagonist, SRI 63-441, on rejection of xenografts and allografts in sensitized hosts. Transplantation 50(3):359-365, 1990.
  12. Rao PN, Walsh TR, Makowka L, Snyder JT: Biochemical parameters to assess preservation injury and predict post-transplant organ function. Diagnostic and Clinical Testing 28:43-46, 1990.
  13. Makowka L, Sher L, Starzl TE: Liver transplantation: Surgical consideration. In: Current Therapy in Gastroenterology and Liver Disease - 3, B.C. Decker, Inc., pp. 473- 480, 1990.
  14. Andreola S, Lombardi L, Audisio RA, Mazzaferro V, Koukouras D, Doci R, Gennari L, Makowka L, Starzl TE, Van Thiel DH: A clinicopathologic study of primary hepatic carcinoid tumors. Cancer 65(5):1211-1218, 1990.
  15. Kahn D, Gavaler JS, Lai H, Makowka L, Eagon PK, Francavilla A, Starzl TE, Van Thiel DH: Effect of cyclosporine on hepatic cytosolic estrogen and androgen receptor levels before and after partial hepatectomy. Dig Dis & Sci 35(1):6-11, 1990.
  16. Riley J, Mehta R, Yanaga K, Tzakis A, Teperman L, Cemaj S, Ritter T, Rezak A, Makowka L: Nutritional support after liver transplantation: a randomized prospective study. J Parenteral Enteral Nut 14(4):386-391, 1990.
  17. Cramer DV, Chapman FA, Wu GD, Harnaha JB, Qian S, Makowka L: Cardiac transplantation in the rat. II. Modulation of the host immune response alters the severity of donor graft arteriosclerosis. Transplantation 50(4):554-558, 1990. Publications - continued
  18. Makowka L, Shapiro R, Chapman FA, Qian S, Tzakis AG, Starzl TE: Mechanisms and Possible Management of Hyperacute (Vascular, Humoral) or Xenograft Rejection. In: The Transplantation and Replacement of Thoracic Organs. (Cooper DKC, Novitzky D. Ed.) Kluwer pub., United Kingdom. pp. 485-492, 1990.
  19. Liu T, Makowka L, Walsh T, Nalesnik M, Starzl TE: Improved preservation of the rat liver for orthotopic liver transplantation using UW-lactobionate and retrograde reflushing. Surgery 108(5):890-897, 1990.
  20. Yanaga K, Makowka L, Lebeau G, Hwang RR, Shimada M, Kakizoe S, Demetris AJ, Starzl TE: A new liver perfusion and preservation system for transplantation research in large animals. J Invest Surg 3(1):65-75, 1990.
  21. Shapiro R, Scantlebury V, Tzakis AG, Makowka L, Watt R, Oks A, Yanaga K, Podesta L, Casavilla A, Wos S, Murray J, Oral A, D'Andrea P, Banner B, Starzl TE: Immunodepletion in xenograft transplantation. J Invest Surg 3(1):39-49, 1990.
  22. Francavilla A, Makowka L, Barone M, Polimeno L, DiLeo A, Demetris J, Belle S, Guglielmi FW, Prelich JG, Van Thiel DH, Starzl TE: Effect of ranitidine on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in dogs: A graded model of acute hepatic failure with predictable survival rates. Dig Dis Sci, 35(3):385-91, 1990.
  23. Mazzaferro V, Porter KA, Scotti-Foglieni CL, Venkataramanan R, Makowka L, Rossaro L, Francavilla A, Todo S, Van Thiel DH, Starzl TE: The hepatotropic influence of cyclosporine. Surgery 107(5):533-539, 1990.
  24. Mazzaferro V, Todo S, Tzakis AG, Stieber AC, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Liver transplantation in patients with previous portasystemic shunt. Am J Surg 160(1):111-116, 1990.
  25. Reilly J, Mehta R, Teperman L, Cemaj S, Tzakis A, Yanaga K, Ritter P, Rezak A, Makowka L: Nutritional support after liver transplantation: a randomized prospective study. J of Parenteral & Enternal Nutrition 14(4):386-391, 1990.
  26. Kahn D, Makowka L, Lai H, Eagon PK, Dindzans V, Starzl TE, Van Thiel DH: Cyclosporine augments hepatic regenerative response in rats. Dig Dis & Sci 35(3):392- 398, 1990.
  27. Rao PN, Walsh TR, Makowka L, Rubin RS, Weber T, Snyder J, Starzl TE: Purine nucleoside phosphorylase: a new marker for free oxygen radical injury to the endothelial cell. Hepatology 11(2):193-8, 1990.
  28. Shapiro R, Scantlebury V, Tzakis AG, Makowka L, Watt R, Oks A, Yanaga K, Podesta L, Casavilla A, Wos S, Murray J, Oral A, D'Andrea P, Banner BF, Starzl TE: Immunodepletion in xenotransplantation: a model. J Invest Surg, 3(1):39-50, 1990. Publications - continued
  29. Higashi H, Yanaga K, Shimada M, Makowka L, Van Thiel DH, Starzl TE: Plasma lecithin/cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity in multiple-organ donors: a predictor of allograft viability in clinical liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 22(2):433-434, 1990.
  30. Yanaga K, Makowka L, Shimada M, Kahn D, Lebeau G, Mieles LA, Sher L, Chapchap P, Podesta LG, Starzl TE: An improved method of porcine renal allografting for transplantation research. J Invest Surg 4(2):231-6, 1991.
  31. Sher LS, Howard TK, Podesta LG, Rosenthal P, Vierling JM, Villamil F, Tzakis A, Starzl TE, Makowka L: Liver Transplantation. In: Clinical Hepatology (Eds. McIntyre, et al), Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1429-1449, 1991.
  32. Cramer DV, Sher L, Makowka L: Liver xenotransplantation: Clinical experience and future considerations. In: Xenotransplantation, The Transplantation of Organs and Tissues Between Species (DKC Cooper, et al., Eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 559-574, 1991.
  33. Cramer DV, Wu GD, Chapman FA, Cajulis E, Wu GH, Makowka L: Lymphocyte subsets and cellular components involved in the development of transplant arteriosclerosis. Journal Heart Lung Transplant 10:169, 1991.
  34. Wu GD, Chapman F, Cajulis E, Makowka L, Starzl TE, Cramer DV: FK 506 inhibits the development of transplant arteriosclerosis. Transplant Proc, 23(6):3272-4, 1991.
  35. Ash SR, Blake DE, Carr DJ, Carter C, Howard T, Makowka L: Neurologic improvement of patients with hepatic failure and coma during sorbent suspension dialysis. ASAIO Transactions, July/September, 1991.
  36. Tuso PJ, Makowka L, Cramer, DV: Liver function tests and vascular resistance in pig livers perfused with human blood. American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL, October 20, 1991.
  37. Sher LS, Makowka L: Case Report Discussion: Diagnosis and treatment of early rejection in liver transplantation. Transplantation Science 1(1):18-23, 1991.
  38. Makowka L, Keyes CD, Naumove IM, Wilberger JE, Jr, Hunsicker LG, Demmy TL, Magovern GA, Jr, Kern EE, Tarter RE, Van Thiel DH, Wiest WE, Twerski A, Gold M, Jacob W, Kelly D, Sutton EC, Werner GLW: New Harvest: Transplanting Body Parts and Reaping the Benefits. C. Don Keyes, Editor, The Humana Press Inc., March 1991.
  39. Yanaga K, Shimada M, Gordon RD, Tzakis AG, Makowka L, Marsh JW, Stieber AC, Todo S, Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE: Pancreatic complications following orthotopic liver transplantation. Clin Transplant 6:126-130, 1992. Publications – continued
  40. Kahn D, Cervio G, Mazzaferro V, Venkataramanan R, Makowka L, Van Thiel DH, Starzl TE: Relationship between the dose and whole blood level of cyclosporine after liver and kidney transplantation. J Clin Lab Immunol, 37(4):163-71, 1992.
  41. Ash SR, Blake DE, Carr DJ, Carter C, Howard T, Makowka L: Clinical effects of a sorbent suspension dialysis system in treatment of hepatic coma (the BioLogic-DT). Intl J of Artificial Organs 15(3):151-161, 1992.
  42. Podesta LG, Sher LS, Howard TK, Folk, P, Makowka L: Liver Transplantation. In: Surgical Decision Making III, (B Eiseman, Ed.), WB Saunders, Inc., 1992.
  43. Howard TK, Podesta LG, Sher LS, Villamil F, Vierling JA, Rosenthal P, Makowka L: Liver transplantation. In: Liver and Biliary Diseases (N Kaplowitz, Ed.), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 566-587,1992.
  44. Sher LS, Pan SH, Hoffman AL, Villamil F, Makowka L: Liver Transplantation in Ortho The Handbook of Transplantation Management, L. Makowka, Editor, (R.G. Landes & Co.), 192-253, 1992.
  45. Schwartz M, Podesta L, Morris M, Makowka L, Miller, C: Donor Management, Techniques and Procurement in The Handbook of Transplantation Management, L. Makowka, Editor, (R.G. Landes Co.), 44-71, 1992.
  46. Cramer DV, Chapman FA, Jaffee BD, Makowka L: Inhibition of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway prolongs cardiac allograft survival in rats. J Heart Lung Transplant supplement, January, 1992.
  47. Makowka L, Cramer DV: Brequinar sodium: A new immunosuppressive drug for transplantation. Transplant Sci, 2(1):50-54, April, 1992.
  48. Cramer DV, Chapman FA, Jaffee BD, Zajac I, Hreha-Eiras G, Yasunaga C, Wu GD, Makowka L: The prolongation of concordant hamster-to-rat cardiac xenografts by Brequinar Sodium. Transplantation 54(3):403-408, 1992.
  49. Cramer DV, Knoop M, Chapman FA, Wu GD, Jaffee BD, Makowka L: Prevention of liver allograft rejection in rats by a short course of therapy with Brequinar sodium. Transplantation 54:752-753, 1992.
  50. Cramer DV, Wu GD, Chapman FA, Cajulis E, Wang HK, Makowka L: Lymphocyte subsets and histopathological changes associated with the development of cardiac transplant arteriosclerosis. J Heart Lung Transplant, 11:458-466, 1992.
  51. Pan S-H, Rosenthal P, Howard TK, Podesta LG, Sher L, Makowka L: Evaluation of three cytomegalovirus infection prophylactic regimens in liver transplant recipients. Transplant Proc, 24(4):1466-1467, August 1992. Publications - continued
  52. Cramer DV, Chapman FA, Jaffee BD, Jones EA, Knoop M, Hreha-Eiras G, Makowka L: The effect of a new immunosuppressive drug, Brequinar Sodium, on heart, liver, and kidney allograft rejection in the rat. Transplantation 53:303-308, 1992.
  53. Kahn D, Gavaler JS, Makowka L, Starzl TE, Van Thiel DH: The gender of the donor influences the outcome after orthotopic liver transplantation. Dig Dis Sci, 38(8):1485-8, 1993.
  54. Walsh TR, Detre JA, Koretsky AP, Simplaceanu E, Halow JM, Rao P, Makowka L, Starzl TE, Ho C: Response of normal and reperfused livers to glucagon stimulation: NMR detection of flow and high energy phosphates. BIOCHIMICA et BIOPHYSICA ACTA, 1181:7-14, 1993.
  55. Murase N, Starzl TE, Demetris AJ, Valdivia L, Tanabe M, Cramer D, Makowka L: Hamster-to-rat heart and liver xenotransplantation with FK 506 plus antiproliferative drugs. Transplantation, 55(4):701, 1993.
  56. Eiras-Hreha G, Cramer DV, Cajulis E, Hill D, Frankland, Hough K, Mills L, Nicholson B, Chapman F, Jaffee B, Zajac I, Makowka L: Individual and species differences in the in vitro sensitivity to Brequinar sodium. Transplant Proc 25(3):61-64, 1993.
  57. Makowka L, Tixier D, Chaux A, Hill D, O'Neill P, Eiras-Hreha G, Wu GD, Hough K, Cajulis E, Zajac I, Jaffee B, Chapman F, Cramer DV: The use of Brequinar sodium for preventing cardiac allograft rejection in primates. Transplant Proc 25(3):48-53, 1993.
  58. Eiras-Hreha G, Cramer DV, Frankland M, Cosenza C, Mills L, Cajulis E, Hough K, Hill D, Nicholson B, Chapman F, Jones E, Harris R, Zajac I, Jaffee B, Makowka L: Brequinar sodium: monitoring immunosuppressive activity. Transplant Proc 25(3):32-36, 1993.
  59. Yasunaga C, Cramer DV, Cosenza CA, Tuso PJ, Chapman FA, Barnett M, Wu GD, Putnam BA, Makowka L: The effect of Brequinar sodium on in vivo antibody production. Transplant Proc, 25(3):40-44, 1993.
  60. Cosenza CA, Cramer DV, Eiras-Hreha G, Cajulis E, Wang HK, Makowka L: Evaluation of the use of Brequinar sodium and cyclosporine combination therapy for preventing rat cardiac allograft rejection. Transplant Proc 25(3):57-58, 1993.
  61. Makowka L, Chapman F, Cramer DV: The historical development of Brequinar sodium as a new immunosuppressive drug for transplantation. Transplant Proc 25(3):2-7, 1993. Publications - continued
  62. Cosenza CA, Tuso PJ, Chapman FA, Middleton YD, Cramer DV, Wu GD, Makowka L: Prolonged xenograft survival following combination therapy with Brequinar sodium and cyclosporine. Transplant Proc 23(3):59-60, 1993.
  63. Cramer, DV, Chapman FA, Makowka L: Prevention of vascularized allograft and xenograft rejection in rodents by Brequinar sodium. Transplant Proc 25(3):23-28, 1993.
  64. Yasunaga C, Cramer DV, Chapman FA, Wang HK, Barnett M, Wu GD, Makowka L: Cardiac graft rejection in hypersensitized recipients: prevention of antibody response and graft rejection using Brequinar sodium. Transplant Proc 25(3):65-66, 1993.
  65. Tuso PJ, Cramer DV, Cosenza CA, Middleton YD, Yasunaga C, Wu GD, Makowka L: Characterization of human antibodies that are cytotoxic to pig aortic endothelial cells. Transplant Proc 25:464-465, 1993.
  66. Wu GD, Cramer DV, Chapman FA, Wang HK, Chien K, Cole J, Makowka L: A comparative immunopathologic study of hyperacute rejection in naive and sensitized rodent cardiac xenograft models. Transplant Proc, 25:464-465, 1993.
  67. Shirwan H, Ohanjanian M, Burcham G, Makowka, L, Cramer DV: Structure and Diversity of rat T cell receptor -chain genes. The Journal of Immunology 150 (6):2295- 2304, 1993.
  68. Knoop M, Cramer DV, Chapman FA, Wang HK, Jaffee B, Makowka L: New immunosuppressive drug, Brequinar sodium, suppresses liver allograft rejection and induces permanent tolerance in the rat. Transplant Proc 25(3):77-78, 1993.
  69. Cramer DV, Chapman FA, Makowka L: Summary of Brequinar Sodium Symposium. Transplant Proc 25(3):83-84, 1993.
  70. Tuso PJ, Cramer DV, Yasunaga C, Cosenza CA, Wu GD, Makowka L: Removal of natural human xenoantibodies to pig vascular endothelium by perfusion of blood through pig kidneys and livers. Transplantation 55(6):1375-1378, 1993.
  71. Knoop M, Cramer DV, Chapman FC, Makowka L: Brequinar sodium suppresses liver allograft rejection and induces permanent tolerance in the rat. Transplant Proc 25(1):706- 707, 1993.
  72. Cramer DV, Chapman FA, Jaffee BD, Jones EA, Makowka L: Inhibition of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway with S-8660, an analogue of brequinar sodium, prolongs cardiac allograft survival in rats. J Heart Lung Transplant 12:140-6, 1993. Publications – continued
  73. Shirwan H, Cosenza C, Wang HK, Makowka L, Cramer DV: Brequinar sodium- induced long-term graft survival is associated with a temporary down regulation of cytokine gene expression and a chimeric state in the recipient. Transplant Sci 3(1):44-46, 1993.
  74. Makowka L, Cramer DV: Brequinar sodium: mode of action and effects on graft rejection. In: Immunosuppressive Drugs: Developments in Anti-Rejection Therapy, (Thomson & Starzl, Eds.), Edward Arnold Publishers, 172-181, 1993.
  75. Makowka L, Sher LS, Cramer DV: The development of Brequinar sodium as an immunosuppressive drug for transplantation. Immunology Review 136:3-20, 1993.
  76. Cosenza, CA, Cramer DV, Eiras-Hreha G, Cajulis E, Wang HK, Makowka L: The synergism of brequinar sodium and cyclosporine used in combination to prevent cardiac allograft rejection in the rat. Transplantation 56(3):667-671, 1993.
  77. Makowka L, Cramer DV, Hoffman A, Sher L, Podesta L: Pig liver xenografts as a temporary bridge for human allografting. Xeno, 1: 1-3, 1993.
  78. Makowka L, Cramer DV: The pathogenesis of xenograft rejection. In Advances in Transplantation. B. Hackel and J. Aubuchon (eds). Amer. Assoc. Blood Banks, Bethesda, pp. 93-112, 1993.
  79. Makowka L, L.S. Sher, Cramer DV: The development of brequinar sodium as an immunosuppressant for transplantation. Immunological Reviews 136:51-70, 1993.
  80. Ash SR, Blake DE, Carr D, Carter C, Howard T, Makowka L. Clinical effects of a sorbent suspension dialysis system in treatment of hepatic coma (the Biologic-DT). International Journal of Artificial Organs 1992; 15: 151-61).
1994-1997 (23 publications)
  1. Lopatin W, Hoffman A, Noguchi H, Makowka L: Renal transplantation in the rabbit. In: Handbook of Animal Models in Transplantation Research. DV Cramer, L Podesta and L Makowka (eds.), CRC Press, Inc., 11-17, 1994.
  2. Howard T, Cosenza CA, Cramer DV, Makowka L: Kidney transplantation in Yucatan miniature swine. In: Handbook of Animal Models in Transplantation Research. DV Cramer, L Podesta and L Makowka (eds.), CRC Press, Inc., 19-28, 1994.
  3. Knoop M, Steffen R, Cramer DV, Makowka L: Orthotopic rat liver transplantation. In: Handbook of Animal Models in Transplantation Research. DV Cramer, L Podesta and L Makowka (eds.), CRC Press, Inc., 39-51, 1994.
  4. Podesta L, Cramer DV, Makowka L, Nores M: Multivisceral transplantation in the pig. In: Handbook of Animal Models in Transplantation Research. DV Cramer, L Podesta, L Makowka (eds.), CRC Press, Inc., 231-239, 1994. Publications - continued
  5. Cramer DV, Makowka L: The use of xenografts in experimental transplantation. In: Handbook of Animal Models in Transplantation Research. DV Cramer, L Podesta, L Makowka (eds.), CRC Press, Inc., 299-310, 1994.
  6. Cosenza CA, Cramer DV, Makowka L: The use of immunosuppressive agents in animal models of experimental transplantation. In: Handbook of Animal Models in Transplantation Research. DV Cramer, L Podesta, L Makowka (eds.), CRC Press Inc., 313-337, 1994.
  7. Makowka L, Cramer DV: The pathogenesis of xenograft rejection. In: Clinical Transplantation 8:145-154, 1994. Copyright Munksgaard, 1994.
  8. Shirwan H, Cosenza CA, Wang HK, Wu GD, Makowka L, Cramer DV: Prevention of orthotopic liver allograft rejection in rats with a short-term brequinar sodium therapy: Analysis of intragraft cytokine gene expression. Transplantation 57:1072-1080, 1994.
  9. Rosenthal P, Podesta L, Sher L, Makowka L: Liver Transplantation In Children. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 89, No. 4, 1994.
  10. Cramer DV, Makowka L: Brequinar Sodium. In: Recent Developments in Transplantation Medicine, New Immunosuppressive Drugs. Przeplorka, D. and Sollinger, H. (eds.). Physicians & Scientists Publishing Co., Glenview, IL, pp. 111-127, 1994.
  11. Makowka L, Cramer DV: Brequinar sodium: Mode of action and effects on graft rejection. In: Immunosuppressive Drugs; Developments in Anti-Rejection Therapy. Thomson, A.W. and Starzl, T.E., (eds.). Edward Arnold, London, pp. 177-186, 1994.
  12. Alshak N, Cocjin J, Podesta L, Van de Velde R, Makowka L, Rosenthal P, Geller S: "Hepatocellular Adenoma in Glycogen Storage Disease Type IV", Arch Pathol Lab Med- Vol 118, January 1994.
  13. Moudgil A, Toyoda M, Wang S-J, Jaffee BD, Cramer DV, Makowka L, Jordan SC: Inhibition of in-vitro immunoglobulin production by a novel immunosuppressive drug brequinar sodium. Transplant Sci 4:116-118, 1994. Publications – continued
  14. Cosenza CA, Tuso PJ, Cramer DV, Chapman FA, Middleton Y, Wang HK, Wu GD, Makowka L: Combination therapy with brequinar sodium and cyclosporine A synergistically prolongs hamster-to-rat cardiac xenograft survival. Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 13:489-497, 1994.
  15. Shirwan H, M Leamer, L Makowka, and DV Cramer. A polymerase chain reaction- based ELISA assay for relative quantitation of T cell receptor beta gene expression. Its application to the analysis of T cell receptor repertoire usage in alloreactive responses. Transplantation 58:1047-1050, 1994.
  16. Sher LS, Makowka L: Intra-Abdominal Organ Transplantation 2000, R.G. Landes Co., July 1994.
  17. Fujioka H, DV Cramer, C Yasunaga, PJ Tuso, GD Wu, Y Middleton, AD Moscioni, J Rozga, AA Demetriou, and L Makowka. Differential patterns of reaction of human natural antibodies to pig hepatocytes and vascular endothelium. Liver Transplant Sug 1:1-9, 1995.
  18. Demetriou AA, Rozga J, Podesta L, LePage E, Morsiani E, Moscioni AD, Hoffman A, McGrath M, Kong L, Rosen H, Villamil F, Woolf G, Vierling J, Makowka L. Early clinical experience with a hybrid bioartificial liver. Scand J Gastroenterol (30) Suppl 208:111-7, 1995.
  19. Rojter S, Villamil FG, Petrovic LM, Silverman JM, Woolf GM, Podesta LG, Makowka L, and Vierling J. Malignant vascular tumors of the liver presenting as liver failure and portal hypertension. Liver Transplantation and Surgery Vol. 1, No. 3, 1995: pp 156-161. Publications – continued
  20. Villamil FG, Hu K-Q, Yu C-H, Lee C-H, Rojter SE, Podesta LG, Makowka L, Geller S and Vierling J. Detection of hepatitis C virus with RNA polymerase chain reaction in fulminant hepatic failure. Hepatology 1995;22:1379-1386.
  21. Pan SH, Lopez R, Sher L, Hoffman A, Podesta L, Makowka L, Rosenthal P. Enhanced oral cyclosporine absorption with water-soluble vitamin E early after liver transplantation. Pharmacotherapy 1996;16(1):59-65).
  22. Peltekian K, Makowka L, Williams R, Blendis L, Levy G. Prostaglandins in liver failure and transplantation. Liver Transplantation and Surgery. 376 Coffman, K, Hoffman A, Sher L, Rojter S, Vierling J, Makowka, L. Treatment of the postoeperative alcoholic liver transplant recipient with other addictions. Liver Transplantation and Surgery, Vol 3, No 3 (May), 1997: pp 322-327. 377 .Cramer, D., Podesta, L., Makowka, L. Handbook of Animal Models in Transplantation Research.
  23. V. Mazzaferro, M.R. Brunetto, M. Pasquali, E. Regalia, A. Pulvirenti, D. Baratti, L.Makowka, D.Van Thiel, and F.Bonino, Preoperative serum levels of wild-type and hepatitis B e antigen negative virus (HBV) and graft infection after liver transplantation for HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 1997, 4, 235-242.
Other (10 publications)
  1. Clark W, Mazzaferro V, Kahn D, Polimeno L, Ash SR, Blake D, Francavilla A, Nalesnik M, Weber T, Begliomini B, Starzl TE, Makowka L: Fulminant hepatic failure induced by acetaminophen intoxication and treated with sorbent dialysis. J Invest Surg, in press.
  2. Cramer DV, Makowka, L: Brequinar sodium: use in combination therapy for transplantation rejection. In: New Immunosuppressive Modalities and Anti-Rejection Approaches to Organ Transplantation. Kupiec-Weglinski, G. (ed.). R.G. Landes Company, Austin, Texas.
  3. Mieles L, Kormos RL, Makowka L, Starzl TE: Immunotherapy in organ transplantation. In: Immunopharmacology in Autoimmune Diseases and Transplantation. (Rugstad, et al., Ed.), Plenum Pub. Co., in press.
  4. Cramer DV, Makowka L: Recent developments in transplantation medicine - monograph 1. New immunosuppressive drugs. Monograph series newsletter entitled New Developments in Transplantation Medicine, Physicians & Scientists Publishers, Inc., in press.
  5. Cosenza CA, Cramer DV, Makowka L: Reperfusion injury and liver transplantation. Zikria, B.A., and Carlson, R.W. (eds.), in press.
  6. Shirwan H, L Makowka, EP Blankenhorn, and DV Cramer. Polymerase chain reaction detection of chimerism in rats based upon an allelic polymorphism for T cell antigen receptor CB genes. Transplant. Immunol. In press.
  7. Cosenza CA, H Shirwan, DV Cramer, L Sher, L Podesta, and L Makowka. Intragraft cytokine gene expression in human liver allografts. Liver Transplant Surg.
  8. Shirwan H, M Leamer, HK Wang, L Makowka, and DV Cramer. Peptides derived from alpha helices of allogeneic class 1 MHC antigens are potent inducers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell and B cell responses following cardiac allograft rejection. Transplantation. In press.
  9. Cramer DV, Wu GD, Oriol R, Makowka L. Target antigen specificity of a monoclonal antibody (Har-1) that causes the rejection of hamster heart xenografts in rats.
  10. Geller S, Nichols WS, Rojter S, Chan R, Petrovic LM, Vierling JM, Makowka L. Hepatitis C virus is not recoverable from liver tissue in cryptogenic cirrhosis: failure to identify hepatitis C virus-RNA using reverse transcription-mediated polymerase chain reaction. Human Pathology 27:1161-1165.
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